Jones Limited is planning to manufacture item ABC that will be used in the food industry. The product will be sold for RM15.00 per kilo. The company expects the following unit costs to apply to the production of item ABC: Ingredient M1: 0.25 kilos @ RM2.00 per kilo Ingredient M2: 0.75 kilos @ RM3.00 per kilo Labour: 0.20 hours @ RM4.00 per hour Variable overhead 0.20 hours @ RM6.00 per hour Fixed overheads are expected to be RM6,600 per annum and are absorbed on a unit basis and will accrue evenly over the year. Actual fixed overhead cost of RM6,600 and fixed selling expenses of RM900 were incurred for the quarter ending 31 March 2023. The planned production and sales levels for the first quarter of year ending 31 March 2023 are as follows: Production (units) Sales (units) a) 0.50 2.25 0.80 1.20 Quarter 1 1100 800 The actual production levels for the first quarter are similar to the planned production levels. The company had no stocks of raw materials or finished goods on 1 January 2023. Required: b) Prepare the statement of profit or loss for the quarter using: Marginal Costing Absorption Costing Based on the calculation in a) above, discuss which method is relevant for management decision making and the reasons for it.
Process Costing
Process costing is a sort of operation costing which is employed to determine the value of a product at each process or stage of producing process, applicable where goods produced from a series of continuous operations or procedure.
Job Costing
Job costing is adhesive costs of each and every job involved in the production processes. It is an accounting measure. It is a method which determines the cost of specific jobs, which are performed according to the consumer’s specifications. Job costing is possible only in businesses where the production is done as per the customer’s requirement. For example, some customers order to manufacture furniture as per their needs.
ABC Costing
Cost Accounting is a form of managerial accounting that helps the company in assessing the total variable cost so as to compute the cost of production. Cost accounting is generally used by the management so as to ensure better decision-making. In comparison to financial accounting, cost accounting has to follow a set standard ad can be used flexibly by the management as per their needs. The types of Cost Accounting include – Lean Accounting, Standard Costing, Marginal Costing and Activity Based Costing.
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