Kenzi, a manufacturer of kayaks, began operations this year. During this year, the company produced 1,050 kayaks and sold 800 at a price of $1,050 each. At year-end, the company reported the following income statement information using absorption costing. Sales (800 × $1,050) $ 840,000 Cost of goods sold (800 × $450) 360,000 Gross profit 480,000 Selling and administrative expenses 220,000 Income $ 260,000 Additional Information a. Product cost per kayak under absorption costing totals $450, which consists of $350 in direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead costs and $100 in fixed overhead cost. Fixed overhead of $100 per unit is based on $105,000 of fixed overhead per year divided by 1,050 kayaks produced. b. The $220,000 in selling and administrative expenses consists of $85,000 that is variable and $135,000 that is fixed. Prepare an income statement for the current year under variable costing.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Kenzi, a manufacturer of kayaks, began operations this year. During this year, the company produced 1,050 kayaks and sold 800 at a price of $1,050 each. At year-end, the company reported the following income statement information using absorption costing.
| Sales (800 × $1,050) | $ 840,000 |
|---|---|
| Cost of goods sold (800 × $450) | 360,000 |
| Gross profit | 480,000 |
| Selling and administrative expenses | 220,000 |
| Income | $ 260,000 |
Additional Information
a. Product cost per kayak under absorption costing totals $450, which consists of $350 in direct materials, direct labor, and variable
b. The $220,000 in selling and administrative expenses consists of $85,000 that is variable and $135,000 that is fixed.
Prepare an income statement for the current year under variable costing.
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