Learning Competency (U): Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under certain conditions of change. Instructions: Read the given article. Then answer the following: QUESTION: How did the ideal gas laws apply in internal combustion engines? YOUR CLAIM: Cite from the article two evidences that support your claim: EVIDENCE 1: EVIDENCE 2: Explain how your evidences support your claim. REASONING:

Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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What is the claim, evidence and reasoning? 

PART I. WRITTEN WORK (CREATIVE RESPONSE)
Claim-Evidence-Reasoning Structured Constructed Response Test Item:
Article: Internal Combustion Engine
Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they are
used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains. They are named as such because
the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine. The same fuel and air mixture is
then emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating engine), or
with a turbine.
Internal combustion heat engines work on the principle of the ideal gas law: Raising
the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes the gas want to expand. An
internal combustion engine has a chamber, which has fuel added to it which ignites in order
to raise the temperature of the gas.
When heat is added to the system, it forces gas inside to expand. With a piston engine, this
causes the piston to rise , and with a gas turbine, the hot air is forced into the turbine chamber,
turning the turbine. By attaching the piston or turbine to a camshaft, the engine is able to
convert a portion of the energy input to the system into useful work. To compress the piston
in an intermittent combustion engine, the engine exhausts the gas. A heat sink is then used
to keep the system running at a consistent temperature. A gas turbine, which uses continuous
combustion, simply exhausts its gas continuously rather than in a cycle.
An engine that uses a piston is called an intermittent combustion engine, whereas one that
uses a turbine is called a continuous combustion engine. The difference in mechanics is
obvious due to the names, but difference in use is less obvious.
A piston engine is extremely responsive, in comparison to a turbine, as well as more fuel-
efficient at low outputs. This makes them ideal for use in vehicles, as they also start up more
quickly. Conversely, a turbine has superior power-to-weight ratio compared to a piston engine,
and its design is more reliable for continuous high outputs. A turbine also works better than a
naturally aspirated piston engine at high altitudes and cold temperatures. Its lightweight build,
reliability, and high-altitude capability makes turbines the engine of choice for airplanes.
Turbines are also commonly used at power plants for electrical generation.
WBLS-OBE
MELC-Aligned
Self-Learning Module
General Chemistry 1
25
Source: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Internal_combustion_engine
CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING (STRUCTURED CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE TEST):
Learning Competency (U):
Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under certain
conditions of change.
Instructions: Read the given article. Then answer the following:
QUESTION:
How did the ideal gas laws apply in internal combustion engines?
YOUR CLAIM:
Cite from the article two evidences that support your claim:
EVIDENCE 1:
EVIDENCE 2:
Explain how your evidences support your claim.
REASONING:
||
Transcribed Image Text:PART I. WRITTEN WORK (CREATIVE RESPONSE) Claim-Evidence-Reasoning Structured Constructed Response Test Item: Article: Internal Combustion Engine Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains. They are named as such because the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine. The same fuel and air mixture is then emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating engine), or with a turbine. Internal combustion heat engines work on the principle of the ideal gas law: Raising the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes the gas want to expand. An internal combustion engine has a chamber, which has fuel added to it which ignites in order to raise the temperature of the gas. When heat is added to the system, it forces gas inside to expand. With a piston engine, this causes the piston to rise , and with a gas turbine, the hot air is forced into the turbine chamber, turning the turbine. By attaching the piston or turbine to a camshaft, the engine is able to convert a portion of the energy input to the system into useful work. To compress the piston in an intermittent combustion engine, the engine exhausts the gas. A heat sink is then used to keep the system running at a consistent temperature. A gas turbine, which uses continuous combustion, simply exhausts its gas continuously rather than in a cycle. An engine that uses a piston is called an intermittent combustion engine, whereas one that uses a turbine is called a continuous combustion engine. The difference in mechanics is obvious due to the names, but difference in use is less obvious. A piston engine is extremely responsive, in comparison to a turbine, as well as more fuel- efficient at low outputs. This makes them ideal for use in vehicles, as they also start up more quickly. Conversely, a turbine has superior power-to-weight ratio compared to a piston engine, and its design is more reliable for continuous high outputs. A turbine also works better than a naturally aspirated piston engine at high altitudes and cold temperatures. Its lightweight build, reliability, and high-altitude capability makes turbines the engine of choice for airplanes. Turbines are also commonly used at power plants for electrical generation. WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 1 25 Source: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Internal_combustion_engine CLAIM-EVIDENCE-REASONING (STRUCTURED CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE TEST): Learning Competency (U): Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas under certain conditions of change. Instructions: Read the given article. Then answer the following: QUESTION: How did the ideal gas laws apply in internal combustion engines? YOUR CLAIM: Cite from the article two evidences that support your claim: EVIDENCE 1: EVIDENCE 2: Explain how your evidences support your claim. REASONING: ||
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