Market structure refers to the characteristics of an industry that define the likely behaviour and performance of its firms. One of market structure is pure competition. According to the basic model of pure competition, in the long run all firms in a purely competitive industry will earn normal profits. If all firms earn only a normal profit in the long run, critically evaluate why any firms would bother to develop new products or lower-cost production methods
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- The basic model of pure competition reviewed in this chapter finds that in the long run all firms in a purely competitive industry will earn normal profits. If all firms will only earn a normal profit in the long run, why would any firms bother to develop new products or lower-cost production methods? Explain.Suppose the book-printing industry is competitive and begins in a long-run equilibrium. Then Hi-Tech Printing Company invents a new process that sharply reduces the cost of printing books. Suppose Hi-Tech's patent prevents other firms from using the new technology. Which of the following statements are true about what happens in the short run? Check all that apply. Hi-Tech's marginal-cost curve remains the same. Hi-Tech's profits increase. The price of books remains the same. Hi-Tech's average-total-cost curve shifts downward.The optimal level of production for any company is the level of production that either maximizes profits or minimizes losses. How does one determine the optimal level of production for any business? Explain. Explain why a company would shut down in the short run. Explain how a company could choose to get bigger, yet lower their average costs? What are the major characteristics of a firm competing under conditions of perfect competition? What are the major characteristics of a firm competing under conditions of monopoly? How does a demand curve differ in perfect competition from a demand curve in a monopoly? Name an example of a local monopoly?
- Consider an industry where there is perfect competition (with the conventional horizontal long-run market supply curve). Initially, all of the firms are making zero economic profit, then, the price of an important input falls so that firms all make positive economic profit in the short run, but in the long run economic profit returns to zero. Draw this using a two-panel diagram. Draw the representative firm panel on the left-hand-side and the market panel on the right-hand-side. Your diagram must be carefully drawn and properly labelled. Explain why, referring to your diagrams, in the long run profit returns to zero. ( maximum word limit: 150 words)Assume that the gold-mining industry is perfectly competitive. a) Illustrate a long-run equilibrium using diagrams for the gold market and for a representative gold mine. b) Suppose that an increase in jewelry demand induces a surge in the demand for gold. Using your diagrams, show what happens in the short run to the gold market and to each existing gold mine. c) If the demand for gold remains high, what would happen to the price over time? Specifically, would the new long-run equilibrium price be above, below, or equal to the short-run equilibrium price in part b)? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.What type of industry has the characteristics where there are many producers, they are able to differentiate their product, the barriers to entry are low, and a firm in the industry has the ability to manipulate price to a certain extent. What type of industry is this? Will this type of industry be able to enjoy profits in the long run? Why? Also is this firm producing at productivity and allocative efficiency? Why?
- Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consiber the competitive market for rhodium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the induatry, every firm is identical and faces the same marpinal cost (MC), averapt total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC ) curves plotted in the following praph. The following graph plots the market demand curve for thodium. If there were 10 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhodium would be per pound. At that price, firms in this industry would. Therefore, in the long run, firms would the rhodium market. Because you know that competitive firms earn economic profit in the long run, you know the long-run equilibrium price must be per pound. From the graph, you can see that this means there will be firms operating in the rhodium industry in long-run equilibrium. True or False: Assuming implicit costs are positive, each of the firms operating in this industry in the long run earns positive accounting profit. True FalseSuppose we have n firms in a perfectly competitive industry. The shapes of the marginal and average cost curves are as usual, i.e., they are U-shaped. The industry demand curve is downward sloping. Please answer the following questions associated with this simple model. Write down the basic assumptions of a perfectly competitive industry. We have frequently stated that these assumptions were very crucial in obtaining certain results from this model. Explain each assumption in that sense in a few sentences. Describe the industry equilibrium and corresponding long-run equilibrium of any firm in this market. For this analysis, you are supposed to draw two graphs, one for the market and one for the representative firm. If there is an increase in the demand for the product in this industry, how is the market going to be affected? What will be the effect of this change on a representative firm in the short-run? Explain possible profit opportunities in the market. As you did in part…Distinguish among three types of imperfectly competitive industries and describe how imperfect competition differs from perfect competition.
- The market for calculators is a perfectly competitive industry facing typical U-shaped ATC, AVC, and MC cost curves. Demand is linear and has a downward slope. The industry is filled with many homogeneous firms. Using a side-by-side graph that depicts both the market (on the left) and a representative firm (on the right), graphically depict what will happen to (a) P (price), (b) Q (market output), (c) q (representative firm's output), and (d) π (representative firm's profit) when the market moves from the original short run equilibrium (SRE) with positive profits to a new long run equilibrium (LRE).Goods sold in a perfectly competitive market are quite differentiated. True/FalseShow a firm that begins in a perfectly competitive industry, earning no economic profit nor economic loss. Then, assume the firm can differentiate its product in a way that makes the product more attractive to consumers, so the firm then has market power. Show the new equilibrium, where this firm is maximizing profit, assuming the firm is now earning an economic profit. Use this analysis to explain why it is reasonable for firms to try to differentiate their product from their competitors. Show a firm that is earning zero economic profits, but has some market power. Then, assume this market power is entirely eliminated when a new competitor enters the market with the same technology and produces a perfect substitute. Showing in your diagram how the firm must adjust its production level to most effectively compete with the new entering firm, explain why maintaining competition is important.