2. Deviating from the collusive outcomeMays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can ofbeer is constant and equals $0.60 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for eachfirm.Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this modelrequires that the two companies must equally share the output.)Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Mays andMcCovey choose to work together.1.00Demand0.90Monopoly Outcome0.800.70MC = ATC0.600.500.400.300.200.10MR1002003004005006007008009001000QUANTITY (Cans of beer)PRICE (Dollars per can) When they act as a profit-maximizing cartel, each company will producecans and charge $per can. Given thisinformation, each firm earns a daily profit of $, so the daily total industry profit in the beer market is $Oligopolists often behave noncooperatively and act in their own self-interest even though this decreases total profit in the market. Again, assume thetwo companies form a cartel and decide to work together. Both firms initially agree to produce half the quantity that maximizes total industry profit.Now, suppose that Mays decides to break the collusion and increase its output by 50%, while McCovey continues to produce the amount set under thecollusive agreement.Mays's deviation from the collusive agreement causes the price of a can of beer toto $per can. Mays's profit is now$while McCovey's profit is now $Therefore, you can conclude that total industry profitwhenMays increases its output beyond the collusive quantity.

[1] Monopoly gets the equilibrium point where MR = MC:-

Mays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.60 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Mays and McCovey choose to work together. 1.00 Demand 0.90 Monopoly Outcome 0.80 0.70 MC = ATC 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 MR 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) PRICE (Dollars per can)

Mays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.60 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Mays and McCovey choose to work together. 1.00 Demand 0.90 Monopoly Outcome 0.80 0.70 MC = ATC 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 MR 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) PRICE (Dollars per can)

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter10: Monopolistic Competition And Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SCQ: Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal...

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Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cane] breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.
When OPEC raised the price of oil dramatically in the mid-1970s, experts said it was unlikely that the cartel could stay together over the long term-that the incentives for individual members. to cheat would become too strong. More than fort),r years later, OPEC still exists. Why do you think OPEC has been able to beat the odds and continue to collude? Hint: You may wish to consider non-economic reasons.
2. Deviating from the collusive outcome Stargell and Schmidt are brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.80 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Stargell and Schmidt form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Stargell and Schmidt choose to work together. ? PRICE (Dollars per can) 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 ༞ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ ༔ Demand MR MC = ATC 0 0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) + Monopoly Outcome When they act as a profit-maximizing cartel, each company will produce charge $ per can.…
2. Deviating from the collusive outcome Stargell and Schmidt are brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.20 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Stargell and Schmidt form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Stargell and Schmidt choose to work together. PRICE (Dolars per can) 1.00 090 080 0.70 080 0.50 6.40 0.30 0:30 6.10 0 Demand D 20 40 MR 60 00 100 120 140 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) MC ATC 140 160 200 Monopoly Outcome
2. Deviating from the collusive outcome Stargell and Schmidt are brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.20 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Stargell and Schmidt form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Stargell and Schmidt choose to work together. PRICE (Dollars per can) 1.00 0.90 080 0.70 0.60 0.50 0:40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0 Demand 20 40 MC ATC MR 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) When they act as a profit-maximizing cartel, each company will produce information, each firm earns a daily profit of S…
When comparing two firms operating as a cartel/colluding and two firms competing in Cournot competition, given the firms face the same inverse market demand and marginal cost is the same for both firms in either situation, which of the following is true? а. The total profit is the same in Cournot competition and collusion. O b. Total output is higher in collusion than in Cournot competition and the price is lower in collusion than in Cournot Competition. Ос. The total profit is lower in Cournot competition than in collusion. O d. Total output is lower in collusion than in Cournot competition and the price is higher in collusion than in Cournot Competition.
2. Deviating from the collusive outcome Mays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.40 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Mays and McCovey choose to work together. PRICE (Dollars per can) 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0 + 0 Demand 20 40 MR MC = ATC 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) When they act as a profit-maximizing cartel, each company will produce information, each firm earns a daily profit of $…
2. Deviating from the collusive outcome Mays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.60 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.) Place the black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and combined quantity of output if Mays and McCovey choose to work together. ? PRICE (Dollars per can) 1.00 Demand 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 MR MC = ATC 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 QUANTITY (Cans of beer) Monopoly Outcome When they act as a profit-maximizing cartel, each company will produce charge cans and per can.…
. Deviating from the collusive outcome Mays and McCovey are beer-brewing companies that operate in a duopoly (two-firm oligopoly). The daily marginal cost (MC) of producing a can of beer is constant and equals $0.60 per can. Assume that neither firm had any startup costs, so marginal cost equals average total cost (ATC) for each firm. Suppose that Mays and McCovey form a cartel, and the firms divide the output evenly. (Note: This is only for convenience; nothing in this model requires that the two companies must equally share the output.)
2. Ryan and Zheka produce the same homogeneous product and each has constant marginal costs of \$7. Market demand is linear, with vertical intercept 60 and horizontal intercept 30. Ryan and Zheka are Bertrand competitors, so pricing is important to them. What price will each charge in the unique Nash equilibrium of this Bertrand duopoly? a) Both charge a price of \$6. b) Both charge a price of \$7. c) Both charge a price of \$20. d) One charges \$7, the other stays out of the market.
Ma3. You operate in a duopoly in which you and a rival must simultaneously decide what price to charge for the same homogeneous product. Assume each you and your rival can choose a “low price” or a “high price”. If you each charge a low price, you each earn zero profits. If you each charge a high price, you each earn profits of $3 million. If you charge different prices, the one charging the high price loses $5 million and the one charging the low price makes $5 million. What is the Nash equilibrium for the non-repeated version of this game? Now suppose the game is infinitely repeated. If the interest rate is 10%, can you do better than you could in the non-repeated version of this game? If your answer is “yes”, provide the players’ strategies and any other conditions that must hold.
The Competition Bureau in Canada wants to increase competition and reduce monopoly power. Thus it it worries about industry concentration in Canada. Let's assume that the Canadian halibut processing industry there are only two firms(duopoly). Under such a market structure, if one of the halibut processing firm increases its price, then the other firm in the halibut processing industry can: keep the price of its processed halibut constant and thus increase its market share. keep its price of its processed halibut constant and thus decrease its market share. decrease its price of its processed halibut and thus decrease its market share. try to achieve economies of scale. increase its price of its processed halibut and thus increase its market share.