Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross-pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. i. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? ii. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?

Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross-pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. i. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? ii. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2QP: The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall...

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Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach?      b. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach?     i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene?    ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene?   iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene?   iv. What is the…
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. b. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes?    i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)?    ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be pure-breeding?   iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10…
In this program, you are provided with phenotype pair counts of F2 offspring at two research institutes. The key different between this work and previous work is that now we consider two genes instead of one. The phenotype pairs are the (shape, color) of peas from a pea plant. It turns out that there are two separate genes that code for these phenotypes. We shall call them Shape and Color. Gregor Mendel originally recorded these experiments in green peas. Using the notation: R = Round (dominant) allele at Shape gene; r = Wrinkled (recessive) allele at Shape gene; Y = Yellow (dominant) allele at Color gene; y = Green (recessive) allele at Color gene; then the shape and color of any pea can be determined by studying the genotypes at each gene. It turns out that, when one mates a plant that is homozygous for the dominant alleles (RRYY) with a plant that is homozygous for the recessive alleles (rryy), the F1 generation are heterozygous at both genes, as with a single gene disorder.…
E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings (E. W. Lindstrom. 1921. Genetics 6:91–110). a. Give the genotypes for the green, virescent-white, and yellow progeny. b. Explain how color is determined in these seedlings. c. Is there epistasis among the genes that determine color in the corn seedlings? If so, which gene is epistatic and which is hypostatic?
A plant geneticist is examining the mode of inheritance of flower color in two closely related species of exotic plants. The first species may have two pure-breeding lines—one produces a distinct red flower; and the other produces flowers with no color at all, or very pale yellow flowers. However, she cannot be sure. A cross of these varieties produces all pink-flowered progeny. The second species exhibits similar pure-breeding varieties; that is, one variety produces red flowers; and the other produces an albino or very pale yellow flower. A cross of these two varieties, however, produces orange-flowered progeny exclusively. Analyze the mode of inheritance of flower color in these two plant species.
E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Give the genotypes for the green, virescent-white, and yellow progeny.
1. Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? iv. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene? [Broad hint: if they’re not heterozygous, they’re homozygous!]
E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Explain how color is determined in these seedlings.
A GENETICIST DISCOVERS A NEW MUTATION IN PEAS THAT CAUSES MOTTLED FLOWER COLOR. SHE CALLS THIS MUTATION SPOTTY AND DETERMINES THAT IT IS DUE TO AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ALLELE (S). SHE WANTS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GENE ENCODING SPOTTY IS LINKED TO THE RECESSIVE GENE FOR FLOWER COLOR (WHITE, W, IS RECESSIVE TO PURPLE). SHE CROSSES A PLANT HETEROZYGOUS FOR BOTH TRAITS WITH A PLANT HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE FOR BOTH TRAITS AND OBTAINED THE FOLLOWING PROGENY: NORMAL, PURPLE: 86 NORMAL, WHITE: 14 SPOTTY, PURPLE: 10 SPOTTY, WHITE: 90 WHAT ARE THE GENOTYPES FOR EACH OF THESE FOUR PROGENY TYPES? WHICH ALLELES ARE FOUND ON EACH CHROMOSOME OF THE DOUBLE HETEROZYGOTE PARENT? (USE SLASH NOTATION.) WHAT IS THE DISTANCE IN CM BETWEEN THESE TWO GENES? .
A GENETICIST DISCOVERS A NEW MUTATION IN PEAS THAT CAUSES MOTTLED FLOWER COLOR. SHE CALLS THIS MUTATION SPOTTY AND DETERMINES THAT IT IS DUE TO AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ALLELE (S). SHE WANTS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GENE ENCODING SPOTTY IS LINKED TO THE RECESSIVE GENE FOR FLOWER COLOR (WHITE, W, IS RECESSIVE TO PURPLE). SHE CROSSES A PLANT HETEROZYGOUS FOR BOTH TRAITS WITH A PLANT HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE FOR BOTH TRAITS AND OBTAINED THE FOLLOWING PROGENY:NORMAL, PURPLE: 86 NORMAL, WHITE: 14 SPOTTY, PURPLE: 10 SPOTTY, WHITE: 90• WHAT ARE THE GENOTYPES FOR EACH OF THESE FOUR PROGENY TYPES?• WHICH ALLELES ARE FOUND ON EACH CHROMOSOME OF THE DOUBLE HETEROZYGOTE PARENT? (USE SLASH NOTATION.)• WHAT IS THE DISTANCE IN CM BETWEEN THESE TWO GENES?
In rice, plants homozygous for the recessive allele sd1 are relatively short in stature; heterozygotes are of normal height. Plants carrying one copy of a dominant allele, Xa4 (corresponding to a second gene located on a different chromosome), are resistant to bacterial blight. Note that both the sd1 and Xa4 alleles would be considered "mutant" alleles in this scenario. A farmer obtained two pureline plants (one is homozygous for the sd1 mutant and the other is homozygous for the Xa4 mutant) and crossed them. Assume both pureline plants have identical alleles at all other loci, and no other mutant alleles are present in these two plants, which of these statements is correct? O All the progeny will be susceptible to bacterial blight and will be short. O When a progeny plant from the cross goes through meiosis, gametes will either contain sd1 or Xa4 alleles, but never both. O When a progeny plant from the cross goes through meiosis, four possible types of gametes that may form, and the…