Monocytes are a. Recruited by a cancer cell into a tumor b. induced to differentiate into macrophages c. Recruited using attraction signals that are conveyed by chemotactic factors d. All of the above
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- Innate and Adaptive Immune System.Use the topic and relate the topic for initiation progression and invasion-metastasis of cancer.HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma bya. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell markersb. activating genes for the expression of endogenous surface cell markersc. inactivating the patient’s tumor suppressing genesd. inactivating contact inhibition in the celle. inactivating cellular adherenceDuring the inflammatory response, dilation of blood vessels is caused by nitric oxide. histamine. cytokines. phagocytes. both histamine and nitric oxide.
- Most normal tissues contain resident macrophages, and connective tissue sites in the gastrointestinal tract and the lung contain large numbers of these cells. Yet the blood also contains a high number of circulating ‘classical’ monocytes that can differentiate into macrophages after entering tissues. These circulating monocytes function to: Phagocytose and kill pathogens in the blood Line the endothelial surfaces of the blood vessels with phagocytic cells Enter lymph nodes and patrol for infecting microbes in these organs Amplify the local innate immune response by entering tissues that are infected Differentiate into dendritic cells during an inflammatory responseHematopoietic growth factors * A glycoprotein A signaling it triggers the hormone it triggers the development of megakaryocytes into platelets. molecule differentiation of secreted by the secreted by myeloblasts into granular leukocytes interstitial WBCS and fibroblast cells bone marrow of the kidneys cells. Thrombopoietin Colony stimulating factor Interleukin Erythropoietinthe order of hematopoiesis pathways is * stem cell, progenitor cells, effector cells progenitor cells, effector cells ,stem cells stem cells, effector cells, progenitor cells effector cells , stem cells, progenitor cells non of above
- Please choose one. The platelets “know” where to bind because: they are attracted to collagen and damage exposes the collagen in the vessel walls thus activating the platelets hormones are triggered by the exposure of collagen in a non-hormonal control to signal platelet activity the collagen exposure chemically activates white blood cells who emit chemical signals of their own to activate platelets as an immune response to the damaged blood vessels vasoconstriction after blood vessel rupturing triggers the platelets to congregate at the point of damageMany of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the: Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells Bradykinin produced that causes painClinical Application: Immune System and Autoimmunity Disease Lymphocytes may be involved in two major types of responses to the presence of potentially threatening foreign substances. In anti- body-mediated immunity, B lymphocytes may produce antibodies that react with specific antigens on an invading cell or molecule. In cell-mediated immunity, T lymphocytes secrete lymphokines that signal other immune responses and often destroy antigen- containing cells directly. The antibody-antigen reactions associated with immune responses have been used by clinical biologists for years. Several examples are given. Think about each example and answer the questions. 1. Biologists often use antibodies to test for the presence of certain antigens in a particular substance. In Lab Exercise 33- Hormones and Lab Exercise 34-Blood, you witnessed demon- strations of this technique. For each antigen listed, indicate the substance tested (e.g., blood, urine) and give a brief summary of the…
- Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis? It can ingest large particles. It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane. All of the answers are true. It is used by macrophages and neutrophils to ingest bacteria. It is used by amoebae to ingest food.Innate and Adaptive Immune System. Use the topic and relate the topic for initiation progression and invasion-metastasis of malignant melanomaIn local inflammation, the vasodilation of blood vessels in the area of infection is the result of the release of _____. Group of answer choices tumor necrosis factor histamine leukotrienes prostaglandin E2