Q: Describe the concepts behind the main types of immunoassays,and discuss their uses in diagnosis.
A: Immunoassay techniques allow rapid and accurate measurement or trace antigen and antibody. They use…
Q: Rewrite the following sentences after correction. If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it…
A: Human blood contains two types of proteinaceous substances, i.e. antigen and antibody. The two types…
Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…
A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…
Q: What is immunoassay? Differentiate direct and indirect immunoasay tests.
A: In immunology, antigen (Ag) refers to any particle or object that is capable of elucidating immune…
Q: Rh antibodies are: IgM IgG IgE IgA IgD
A: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins, they are also called as immunoglobulins. Each…
Q: Define the Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults ?
A: Immunization or vaccination is a preventive health strategy that protects from disease by…
Q: What are ABO blood-group antigens?
A: A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and…
Q: Why is a false-positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood…
A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is defined as a virus that will attack the immune system of an…
Q: Identify the advantages of alternative immunization strategies as compared to traditional…
A: Immunization is the action where a person's immune system is protected from an external agent called…
Q: state the most common reason for a false-negative antibody test
A: Explanation: False negative test is the negative result obtained due to negative reaction in the…
Q: Define specificity and sensitivity as these terms relate to immunological testing.
A: Immunological tests employ an artificial antigen or antibody to detect the presence of an antibody…
Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…
A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…
Q: What is vaccine? Please be sure to include what molecules are present and the biological mechanism…
A: Immunity is described as a complicated biological system that has the ability to recognise and…
Q: w..*** Antibodies Select one: a. are shaped like the letter B b. assist in destroying particular…
A: An antibody (Ab), otherwise called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a huge, Y-molded protein utilized by…
Q: Explain the differences between direct and indirect procedures inimmunoassay tests, giving examples.
A: Immunoassays are biochemical test based on antigen-antibody interactions. It is used to determine…
Q: Discuss the main categories of antigens, based on function.
A: Antigens are the foreign molecule capable of inducing an immune response. One of the exclusive…
Q: antibodies
A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…
Q: Describe the concept of an antigen and how it relates to self and nonself markers.
A: An antigen is any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it . An…
Q: What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Note: Limit is 3-5 sentences…
A: Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of antigen and antibody or immune…
Q: Explain the reasons for changes in antibody titer for a singleinfectious agent, from the acute phase…
A: Antigen is a foreign particle or infectious agent which elicits the immune response in one body and…
Q: Which image shows the type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production? D O D O E Submit…
A: Introduction Leukocytes (also known as white blood cells) are a type of blood cell that lacks…
Q: describe the EIA test for HIV antibodies and state the significance of a positive HIV antibody test
A: HIV is a retroviruses whose genome is made up of RNA. The genome of RNA is surrounded or…
Q: Explain the complement system under the following headlines: 1. Types 2. Activation 3. Complement…
A: the complement system is part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and…
Q: Identify the diseases that are treated or prevented with toxoids or vaccines? Correct answer
A: We know that Vaccines or toxoids can be defined as toxins that are modified chemically in the…
Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantified
A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…
Q: Explain the contribution of antigenic determinant is false negative and false positive tes
A: Antigenic determinants are the component of an antigen present on the surface that gets attached to…
Q: Write the application and importance of antibodies? Please answer at your own words.
A: Application of antibodies: Antibodies bind to antigens, labelling them as a target for other defence…
Q: Explain the process used to produce monoclonal antibodies and the reasons that they are produced.
A: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single cell through cell division. While antibodies produced…
Q: Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which of the following antibodies can fix…
A: Complement fixation is the process of binding blood serum complement to the product fashioned by the…
Q: Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.
A: HIV is a virus than can cause AIDS if not treated .ELISA is the one of the test to screen HIV .…
Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…
A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…
Q: Write about the Immunomodulators agents? Please answer at your own words.
A: IMMUNOMODULATORS AGENTS:- A substance that can assist the body fight cancer, infection, or other…
Q: Describe in details for each of the following: 1. SARS-CoV2 mode of transmission 2. COVID-19…
A: Human respiratory virus infections can be fatal on the basis of how it is spread. These viruses…
Q: Define the term serology, and explain the immunologic principle behind serological tests.
A: An antigen is a substance or a molecule that the body recognizes as a foreign particle. That means…
Q: Identify the major categories of vaccine antigens, citingexamples.
A: Antigens are the protein molecules capable of inducing an immune response. Antibodies…
Q: Discuss how superantigens are different from other antigens andhow they contribute to pathology.
A: Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune…
Q: For each pair of terms, explain the relationship between the meanings of the terms. 3. pathogen and…
A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and…
Q: Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.
A: A microbe is a life form that causes sickness. The living body is normally brimming with…
Q: Describe hybridoma technique for developing monoclonal antibodies.
A: Technology is utilized in science, while science is used in technology. Both are vital to our…
Q: Determine the cell of the immune system responsible for processing antigen presented in a patch…
A: ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL: A heterogeneous collection of immune cells called antigen presenting cells…
Q: state the significance of heterophile antibodies in serological testing
A: -Heterophile antibodies are the immunoglobulin-M or Ig M produced by the infected B -lymphocytes.…
Q: If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it will clump with antigen B such clumping indicates…
A: Clumping indicates the mixing of incompatible blood
Q: Define the following terms antigens antibodies epitopes haptens immune complexes agglutination
A: Antigens:- Antigens are the pathogenic substances (foreign bodies) for example virus, bacteria etc.,…
Name any two diagnostic kits based upon antigen.
The three types of APC (antigen presenting cells) in the body: macrophages, dendritic cells and В cells.
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- Antibodies can be divided into monoclonal and polyclonal. State the main difference between them. Which type of antibodies is more preferable in routine bioanalysis? Explain your answer.a) Why is testing for rhesus (Rh) antigens and antibodies different from ABO testing?What is the recommended method to identify an antibody causing a suspected ABO based HDN( Hemolytic Disease of newborn)?
- Define VACCINE using 3 different techniques (historical references, ramifications and environment or sector) defining a word, concept or phrase.Determine the cell of the immune system responsible for processing antigen presented in a patch test.If you are working in a diagnostic lab, what will be your choice among Monoclonal or Polyclonal Antibodies method for detection of specific pathogen? Give sufficient justification for selection as well as rejection of any given methods. (Subject: Biotechnology)
- Due to a clerical error, several blood samples at a blood bank were not labeled. The three list below were conducted on each sample to identify each blood type. Test 1 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-A” serum (contains type A antibodies) Test 2 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-B” serum (contains type B antibodies) Test 3 = Unknown sample mixed with “anti-Rh” serum (contains type Rh antibodies) (A) When unknown sample A was tested, agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in test 1, 2 and 3. The blood type of sample A is… (B) When unknown sample B was tested, no agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in any tests. The blood type of sample B is… (C) When unknown sample C was tested, agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurred in test 2 and 3, but not 1. The blood type of sample C is…Identify the parts of the antibody and match the description of the parts of the antibody with their name.Name the technique based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction used in detection of a virus (HIV).
- Match the type of vaccine with its description.You are presented with the following clinical scenario: "A 12 month old male child presents with recurrent bacterial infections. Flow cytometry shows a complete lack of B- lymphocytes." Using your knowledge of immunology and flow cytometry, identify which dot plots represent the healthy control and patient samples in each scenario and come up with a clinical diagnosis. Note that you may need to use additional background sources to fully understand what is going on at the cellular level for each diagnosis. What is the clinical diagnosis O HIV/AIDS O COVID-19 O LAD type 1 U E CD4-FITC CD8-PE CD45-PE CD8-PE 70% 13% 52% 10% 82% 5% 27% 5% CD8-PE CD4-FITC CD20-FITC CD4-FITC 17% 38% 13% 68% Agammaglobulinaemia CD45-PE CD4-FITC CD45-PE CD45-PE 35% 3% 62% 8% 93% 22% CD15-FITC CD8-PE CD20-FITC CD15-FITC Select the flow cytometry dot plot that corresponds to the healthy control sample Select the flow cytometry dot plot that corresponds to the patient sample 62% 30% 0% 77%Describe what the different antibodies are, their functions, where they can be found in the body, and how they respond in an inflammatory reaction. Please Add references and citations. Thanks