Name the components of the hexose-monophosphate pathway that detoxify peroxide and the process that accomplishes detoxification.

Q: Why is peroxidase (or catalase) required by organisms that use oxygen in metabolism?

A: Peroxidases, commonly referred as catalases, are another type of oxidoreductase enzyme that…

Q: What are the steps involved in a Redox reaction that is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase enzyme?

A: Answer

Q: Why are features such as high rates of oxygen metabolism, capsules, and leghemoglobin associated…

A:

Q: When L-ascorbic acid participates in a redox reaction, it is converted to L-dehydroascorbic acid. In…

A: Redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions are those reactions in which electrons are transferred from…

Q: . List and describe the components of the cytochrome P450electron transport system. What is the role…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron…

Q: Redox coenzymes that are used in cell respiration are

A: Cellular respiration can be described as the process in which the simpler food molecules combine…

Q: Explain how is O2 used during Cell Respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is a very complex process. It is divided into four stages- 1. Glycolysis- in…

Q: Which electron carrier is mobile and fat soluble? Explain fully?

A: The molecules that are capable of accepting or donating one or two electrons from one molecule to…

Q: why might bodybuilders take aromatase inhibitors?

A: Aromatase inhibitors inhibit the activity of the enzyme aromatase. This enzyme is responsible for…

Q: Define the term phosphatidate.

A: Phosphatidate enzyme (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in triacylglycerol synthesis. PAP plays an…

Q: What would be the effect on the reactions following the aconitase-catalyzed step?

A: Acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle to form citrate reacting with oxaloacetate. Citrate is a symmetrical…

Q: In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system differ fromother sulfide-oxidizing systems?

A: Microbial oxidation of sulfur is defined as the oxidation of sulfur by microorganisms where some…

Q: What is neomycin phosphotransferase (designated neor)?

A: Antibiotics are prescriptions that battle bacterial diseases in individuals and creatures. They work…

Q: Is fadh2 oxidized or reduced?

A: FADH2 is a coenzyme which is used in cellular respiration process to make fuel from food into…

Q: What enzyme converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide?

A: Enzymes are proteinaceous substances present in cells. They serve as catalysts and accelerate…

Q: What common substance inactivates nitrogenase enzyme by binding to its active site?

A: Microbial cells carry out the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia. The…

Q: How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?

A: Anoxygenic phototropic bacteria uses ferrous iron as electron donor photosynthesis.

Q: What is peptidyltransferase reaction?

A: Enzymes are a type of protein that acts as biological catalysts that accelerate the chemical…

Q: Why fibrinopepetide A and fibrinopepetide B are negatively charged ?

A: Proteins are made up of amino acids joined together through peptide bonds. 20 standard amino acids…

Q: What oxidizes fadh2?

A: The process of Oxidative phosphorylation harness energy through the electron transport chain and ATP…

Q: The major enzymatic defense against oxidative stress is provided by superoxide dismutase,…

A: Oxidative stress is caused due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the body. The…

Q: What type of substrates are fermented by saccharolyticclostridia? By proteolytic clostridia?

A: The clostridia are able to ferment a wide range of substrates to form organic acids as well as…

Q: Explain beta- oxidation briefly and draw a hand written flow chart of it?

A: Introduction: Fatty acids are the simplest lipids among the other lipids. Fatty acids are present in…

Q: What are the mechanisms of ammonia neutralization?

A: The ammonia is produced by various catabolic reactions, which on deposition can cause serious…

Q: Explain why glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) is a suitable index for long term  hyperglycaemia.

A: Glycated hemoglobins are the form of hemoglobin which are chemically linked to sugar.  The normal…

Q: What is the name of themolecule that transportsoxygen in red blood cells?

A: The red blood cells (RBC) are enucleated cells that transport oxygen molecules from the lungs to…

Q: How does superoxide dismutase or superoxide reductaseprotect a cell?

A: Enzymes are the protein molecules which are of biological origins or sometimes may be produced…

Q: What is the pathway of sulfate in order in terms of Mobilization,Deprotonation, Accumulation and…

A: Ions are charged species. Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons as well as electrons. The…

Q: What properties make O2 superior to sulfur, sulfate, and nitrate as a metabolic waste product?

A: Anaerobic respiration is the process of formation of ATP without oxygen. In anaerobic respiration,…

Q: Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, have what mechanism of action? Based on this mechanism of action,…

A: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator which give relief from the symptoms of angina, high BP.

Q: What exergonic reaction is catalyzed by redox enzymes called dehydrogenase?

A: An exergonic reaction is one in which the energty level of the products is lower than the energy…

Q: Explain why the hexose monophosphate shunt is so important.

A: For the generation of NADPH from NADP, the hexose monophosphate pathway is employed. NADPH is needed…

Q: what kind of catalysis is the oxygen on Ser 195 participating in?

A: Enzymes catalyze (i.e. speed up) chemical reactions occurring in the body. Most enzymes are proteins…

Q: What are the changes occur in oxidative randicity? Explain.

A: Oxidative rancidity is a chemical process when lipids oxidize through a complex series of reactions…

Q: What structural characteristics of mucopolysaccharides facilitate the removal of pathogens?

A: Mucopolysaccharides, also known as GlycosAminoGlycans (GAGs) are negatively charged polysaccharide…

Q: Define the following terms:a. transsulfuration pathwayb. cystathioninec. homocysteined. PAPSe.…

A: Amino-acids are the important component of our body as the proteins which play various roles in our…

Q: Catalase speeds the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in nearly all organisms. True or false?

A: To speed up the destruction of hydrogen peroxide, most tissues manufacture the enzyme catalase.…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: Alcohol Metabolism -- Alcohol --Alcohol the group of compounds which have a general formula R -OH…

Q: Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in methanogenesis?Which function as electron donors?

A: Methanogenesis is the process by which certain microbes release methane as their metabolic…

Q: What happened if we add normal saline instead of PBS during beta-amylase extraction?

A: Most enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of their native…

Q: What is the reduced product of complex IIII/cytochrome oxidase????

A: Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is a respiratory energy-transducing enzyme. It catalyzes electron…

Q: What are the cellular defense strategies against oxidative damage by ROS?

A: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce oxidative damages under several environmental stress conditions…

Q: Explain, in basic terms, the metabolism of thaumarchaeotes

A: Thaumarchaeotes are the organisms or archaea which belong to the phylum thaumarchaeota. The domain…

Q: Given that ketones from ketosis are filtered in the kidney as anions, how does this lead to…

A: Ketosis is a metabolic state in which your body uses fat for fuel instead of carbs.  Given that…

Q: What is the Mechanism of lysozyme catalysed by enzymes without cofactors?

A:

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.