Nerve transmission and communication with other neurons. < it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axon

Nerve transmission and communication with other neurons. < it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axon

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter16: The Neurological Exam

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5ILQ: Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/facialnerve) to see an examination of the...

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A muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?
The giant axon of the squid (Figure Q11–3) occu-pies a unique position in the history of our understandingof cell membrane potentials and nerve action. When anelectrode is stuck into an intact giant axon, the membranepotential registers –70 mV. When the axon, suspended in abath of seawater, is stimulated to conduct a nerve impulse,the membrane potential changes transiently from –70 mVto +40 mV.
Parkinson’s disease is a devastating, progressive disorder ofthe central nervous system. Damage to dopaminergic nervetracts in the brain causes tremors and impaired musclecoordination. An early-onset (inherited) form of the diseasehas been linked to a defective protein, now called parkin.Parkin has E3 activity. Describe, in general terms, howneurons with this defective protein are damaged.
Regeneration of a severed axon has a better chance forsuccess in the PNS than in the CNS. Why is regeneration inthe CNS less likely to succeed?
What term means that a tissue can generate action potentials without a stimulus O Autocontractile O None of these is correct O Autonomic O SA node O Autorhythmic
Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?
Watch this short video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/facialnerve) to see an examination of the facial nerve using some simple tests. The facial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression. Severe deficits will be obvious in watching someone use those muscles for normal control. One side of the face might not move like the other side. But directed tests, especially for contraction against resistance, require a formal testing of the muscles. The muscles of the upper and lower face need to be tested. The strength test in this video involves the patient squeezing her eyes shut and the examiner trying to pry her eyes open. Why does the examiner ask her to try a second time?
The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the O magnitude of inhibition. release of neurotransmitter. O amplitude of the action potential O rate of reuptake by an enzyme
Which of the following is true of ACh (acetylcholine)? O It cannot be degraded within the synaptic cleft to which it was released; it must be internalized and degraded by the cell that receives it O It is always excitatory because it causes the entrance of Na+ into a cell which leads to an increase in intracellular mV O It is released via exocytosis from the axon terminal of a somatic motor neuron O It is released via exocytosis from all pre-ganglionic motor neurons of the ANS
FILL IN BLANKS smoothstriatedmany cellsone cell per fiberbranchedlong, straightspindle-shapedautorhythmicinvoluntary/autonomicvoluntary/somatic motor
Action potential enters from adjacent cell. Ca2+ 2 K* 3 Na+ Ca2+ ECF ATP NCX ICF 3 Na+ RyR Ca2+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) SR L-type Ca2+ Ca2+ channel Ca2+ stores ATP T-tubule Ca2+ sparks Ca2+ signal Ca2+ Ca2+ Actin eereee 33335 Myosin Contraction Relaxation Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Explain what is going on in steps 1-6. 2. Explain what transport proteins are involved is getting Ca2+ out of the cytosol. 3) Purple foxglove is a plant containing chemicals that slow the activity of the Ca2+-Na+ antiport. What will ingestion of purple foxglove increase or decrease levels of Na+ in the ICF?
The rattlesnake alerts enemies to its presence with a rattle—aset of modified scales at the tip of its tail. Describe the distinctroles of gated ion channels in initiating and moving a signalalong the nerve from the snake’s head to its tail and then fromthat nerve to the muscle that shakes the rattle