One of the prerequisites for chemical evolution on early Earth is that there was an adequate amount of time. This is an important assumption because there had to be enough time for which of the following to occur? * O RNA needed to start catalyzing reactions. O The sun needed to begin to produce infrared radiation. O Molecules needed to form, react, and reform. O Oxygen needed to leave the atmosphere.
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- ana transiaTion vary wkery. One of the prerequisites for chemical evolution on early Earth is that there was an adequate amount of time. This is an important assumption because there had to be enough time for which of the following to occur? * RNA needed to start catalyzing reactions. The sun needed to begin to produce infrared radiation. Molecules needed to form, react, and reform. Oxygen needed to leave the atmosphere. Deer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer mice that live in the Sand Hills of Nebraska, however, have evolved a lighter coloring, the result of a change in one gene. A scientist decides to move a population of brown deer mice to a habitat composed of a mixture of sandy areas and dark rocks. After monitoring the population for several generation, she finds that it is composed of a mixture of very light and very dark colored mice. What type of selection has occurred?*The following is a synthesis sequence or progression that is a hypothesis for Chemical evolution: elements, ionic and covalent bonding to form simple molecules, these simple molecules form simple organic monomers, the monomers undergo dehydration synthesis to form bio polymers, formation of micelles (Pre cells). This concept a) can only be observed in living cells, b) is a theory that proves that life could not evolve on other planets. c) is a hypothetical model that can be confirmed in the laboratory, d) is a hypothesis that has no supporting evidence from rocks that predate the presence of cells in the fossil record. e) These are all true.Which of the following questions about the origin of life on Earth is most scientifically testable? * Why were the earliest life-forms created using only twenty amino acids? Did life originate to make the universe a better place? Was catalytic RNA used by ancient organisms as a stepping stone to acquire protein enzymes? Can simple organic molecules form spontaneously in an oxygen-free atmosphere?
- Many scientists claim that the synthesis of the first organic molecules from inorganic precursors was possible because of the highly reducing atmosphere found on primitive Earth. Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis that could be used when investigating the claim? * The level of atmospheric oxygen on modern Earth is significantly higher than on primitive Earth. Organic molecules were transported to primitive Earth by a meteorite or other celestial event. The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is possible under current atmospheric oxygen levels as well as those found on primitive Earth. The absence of a significant quantity of atmospheric oxygen is required for the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.RNA is often characterized as being the first“biologically active” molecule. What two properties or activitiesdoes RNA display that are important to the evolution of life? Hint:Neither proteins nor DNA have both of these properties.With regard to the origin of life, why are biologistsinterested in the prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules?
- Which of these did Stanley Miller place in his experimental systemto show that organic molecules could have arisen from inorganicmolecules on the early Earth?a. microspheresb. purines and pyrimidinesc. gases found in the atmosphere of early Earthd. only RNAe. All of these are correct.In the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogenwere sealed in a flask containing a pair of electrodes. An electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week'stime, they found that amino acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance of thisexperiment in explaining the origin of life on Earth?Which staterment from the choices below, BEST describes scientists current understanding of the conditions required for the origin of life on Earth? Earth's early atmosphere contained mos tly carbon dioxide. In addition, water vapor condensed and fell as rain forming pools Lightning provided the energy noeded for reactions an earth. Earth's early atmosphere contained mostly oxygen. In addition, there was no liquid water during this time. Lightring provided the energy necded for reactions on earth. O Earth's early atmosphere contained mostiy nitrogen. In addition, there was no liquid water during this time. Lightning provided the energy needed for reactions on earth O Earth's early atmosphere contained a mixture of gases. In addition, water vapor condensed and felI as rain forming pools. Lightning provided the energy needed for reactions on earth
- In their laboratory experiments of simulations of early Earth, Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of abundant amounts of DNA amino acids liposomes genetic systems Which of the following was probably NOT present in the primitive Earth s atmosphere (when life first appeared)? O2 NH3 H2O CH4 CO2Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?Presumably in the first billion years of the Earth’s existence, there were many chemical reactions occurring and some of these reactions formed large quantities of organic molecules that accumulated in the early oceans, lakes, etc. This is often referred to as the “primordial ooze” or “prebiotic soup.” The conditions of the early Earth changed so new organic molecules weren’t being made, however many of the molecules in the primordial ooze reacted together forming more complex molecules and even, after millions of years, primitive cells formed. For energy, these primitive cells could metabolize some of the remaining organic molecules and “eat” other cells. At some point millions of years later, photosynthetic bacteria developed, but note that these bacteria did not give off O2. Then more millions of years later, the Cyanobacteria (the Blue-Green Bacteria) evolved and these organisms could photosynthesize and they gave off O2. a) With the above scenario in mind, discuss the…