Individuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with stressful life events. Relying on God's love and caring is referred to aspositive religious coping.Andrea Phelps and her colleagues studied the relationship between positive religious coping and the type of care received by terminally ill cancerpatients. Most of the patients in the study were Christian. [Source: Phelps, A. et al., "Religious coping and use of intensive life-prolonging carenear death in patients with advanced cancer." Journal of the American Medical Association, 301 (2009): 1140-1147.]Suppose another researcher conducts a similar study but uses a sample of patients whose religious traditions are more varied than the patients inthe Phelps study. He samples 400 terminally ill patients to see whether their practicing a religion is related to how likely they are to seek intensivelife-prolonging care.The following table shows the results of the study.Observed FrequenciesSeeks Intensive Life-Prolonging CarePTTPractices a ReligionYes328YesNoNo176184Given these data, the most appropriate test to use to check whether there is a significant relationship between whether terminally ill patientspractice a religion and whether they seek intensive life-prolonging care is a(n)To do this test, which of the following assumptions and/or restrictions are required? Check all that apply.There must be homogeneity of variance.The observations must be independent.The variables must be independent of each other.The smallest expected frequency must be at least five. The researcher's null hypothesis is: "Among terminally ill patients, there is no relationship between whether they practice a religion and whetherthey seek intensive life-prolonging care." Fill in the following table of expected frequencies.Practices a ReligionYesNoExpected FrequenciesSeeks Intensive Life-Prolonging CareYesThe chi-square statistic isThe distribution of the chi-square statistic hasChi-Square DistributionDegrees of Freedom = 3Use the Distributions tool to answer the following questions.With a = 0.01, the critical value is01No.5000degree(s) of freedom.22.37.5000345-6EN78910111288%Because the chi-square statisticthe critical value, the researcherthe null hypothesis and concludesthat thereconvincing evidence of a significant relationship between whether terminally ill patients practice a religion and whether theyseek intensive life-prolonging care.

The data of 400 terminally ill cancer patients seeking life-prolonging care was given. We need to…

Answered: positive religious coping. Andrea…

Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Student Edition 2015

1st Edition

ISBN:9781680331141

Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Publisher:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Chapter4: Writing Linear Equations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14CR

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Individuals with strong religious beliefs often turn to their faith to cope with stressful life events. Relying on God's love and caring is referred to as positive religious coping. Andrea Phelps and her colleagues studied the relationship between positive religious coping and the type of care received by terminally ill cancer patients. Most of the patients in the study were Christian. Suppose another researcher conducts a similar study, but uses a sample of patients whose religious traditions are more varied than the patients in the Phelps study. She samples 300 terminally ill patients to see whether their practicing a religion is related to how likely they are to have a living will. The following table shows the results of the study. Living Will(Yes). Living Will(No) Practices Religion(Yes). 90 69 Practices Religion(No) 90 51 Find the chi-square test…
Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Imagine that Dr. Farah noted a cyclical, reinforcing relationship between homework and academic achievement. For this to be case, which of the following correlations would need to be significant? a. Correlations 1 and 6 b. Correlations 2 and 5 c. Correlations 3 and 4 d. Correlations 2 and 3 Answer is C for this question. Why this one is the answer and others are not?
This case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. Suppose there was a statistically significant difference between number of visits and satisfaction. What would this mean for the evaluation of the pet therapy program?
A recent study randomly selected women from various countries around the world and collected information about diet and health. The women who at a Paleo diet had lower rates of Osteoporosis when compared to the other women in the study. A. Which is the explanatory variable and why. B. Which is the response variable and why. C. Write a conclusion appropriate for this type of study that describes the relationship between the explanatory and response variables.
Does the example represent an observational study or an experiment? Car accident data is obtained from the Ohio database. It is found that more accidents happened at night.
Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will ask runners if they drank water or a sports drink during the race, along with whether or not they suffered any cramps. Is this an observational study or experiment?
"Bullying." according to noted expert Dan Olweus, "poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child." Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure depression in a group of victims and a group of bully-victims using a 26-item, 3-point depression scale. Assume scores on the depression scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the depression scores are the same among victims and bully-victims. The group of 25 victims scored an average of 25.3 with a sample standard deviation of 9 on the depression scale. The group of 23 bully-victims scored an average of 20.5 with a sample standard deviation of 8 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether victims or bully-victims…
What is a confounding variable in research, and how can it affect the results of a study? Provide an example of a confounding variable in a hypothetical study.
A cross-sectional survey of just high school dropouts would provide adequate data for testing a causal argument about what may cause dropping out. True False
Of all sports, football accounts for the highest incidence of concussion in the United States due to the large number of athletes participating and the nature of the sport. While there is general agreement that concussion incidence can be reduced by making rule changes and teaching proper tackling technique, there remains debate as to whether helmet design may also reduce the incidence of concussion. Rowson et al. (2014) report on a retrospective analysis of head impact data collected between 2005 and 2010 from eight collegiate football teams. Concussion rates for players wearing two types of helmets, Riddell VSR4 and Riddell Revolution, were compared. A total of 1,281,444 head impacts were recorded, from which 64 concussions were diagnosed. The relative risk of sustaining a concussion in a Revolution helmet compared with a VSR4 helmet was 46.1%. This study illustrates that differences in the ability to reduce concussion risk exist between helmet models in football. Although helmet…
The paper "From Dr. Kildare to Grey's Anatomy"† describes several studies of how the way in which doctors are portrayed on television might influence public perception of doctors. One study was described as follows. Rebecca Chory, Ph.D., now an associate professor of communication at West Virginia University, began studying the effect of such portrayals on patients' attitudes toward physicians. Using a survey of 300 undergraduate students, she compared perceptions of physicians in 1992—the end of the era when physicians were shown as all-knowing, wise father figures—with those in 1999, when shows such as ER and Chicago Hope (1994–2000) were continuing the transformation to showing the private side and lives of physicians, including vivid demonstrations of their weaknesses and insecurities. Dr. Chory found that, regardless of the respondents' personal experience with physicians, those who watched certain kinds of television had declining perceptions of physicians' composure and regard…

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