Q: If the above gene is one of the three structural genes of the lac operon that codes for the protein/…
A: The bacterium Ecoli possess a highly effective lactose Metabolism process . The lac operon is a…
Q: Assuming that the level of glucose is low, a mutation in the repressor associated with the lac…
A: The lac operon stands for lactose operon. These are a set of genes that are found in E.coli and…
Q: In E. coli, induction in the lac operon and repression in the trp operon are both examples of a.…
A: Transcription, translation, post-transcription and post-translation. The process in which the gene…
Q: Explain and give examples of Inducible & Repressible Operons. Describe what types of protein…
A: Inducer: Inducer is the substance that causes the gene for protein synthesis to be activated.…
Q: Operons can not be: a. Negatively regulated b. Positively regulated c. Constitutive d. Inducible…
A: The workhorses of a body are proteins. All or every function of the body are carried out by the…
Q: Which of the following is true of operons?a. They consist of a coordinated set of genes, all of…
A: The Operon is the regulatory system present in DNA in cluster form, which contains structural genes…
Q: Compare and contrast the lac operon and trp operon of E. coli.
A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that is mostly found in the human intestine and gut of some animals. It…
Q: b) A haploid E. coli strain cultured in a lactose containing medium failed to transcribe the genes…
A: An operon is a gene expression and regulation unit of the bacteria that consists of the following…
Q: 1. Explain why catabolite repression is used in regulating the lac operon and describe how it…
A: Repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase synthesis is spontaneously reversible in all strains of…
Q: Which of the following elements of the lac operon and its associated regulatory factors function in…
A: One of many types of functional regulatory elements are cis-regulatory modules. Regulatory elements…
Q: An operon a. is regulated by a repressor binding at the promoter. b. has structural genes that are…
A: When the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the operon is transcribed and some mRNAs are…
Q: Six strains of E. coli (mutants 1-6) that had one of the following mutations affecting the lac…
A: The mutations that would prevent the E.coli strain from utilizing lactose include deletion of lacY,…
Q: On its chromosome, an E. coli cell has a genotype of lacI− lacZ+ lacY+ lacA+. It has an F′ factor…
A: Lac operon is studied extensively by using mutant strains of E.coli. It is studied under the domain…
Q: Components necessary for regulating the /trp/ operon do NOT include
A: Answer - Option E - CAP protein
Q: Metabolic control is crucial part of survival for all bacteria. The lactose operon is located on the…
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: A mutation that inactivates transcription and translation from the regulatory gene of an inducible…
A: An operon is a functional unit of genomic DNA that comprises a collection of genes that are all…
Q: A mutation in one gene that reverses the phenotypic effects of amutation in a different gene isa. an…
A: A mutation is a change that occurs in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence during the process of…
Q: m. In the figure below, the bacterial activator protein CAP and the Lac repressor have been placed…
A: Introduction :- The lac operon is a group of genes with a single promoter that encode genes for…
Q: Explain the The Operon Model: Negative Control ?
A: The lac operon of E. coli contains genes involved in lactose metabolism. It is expressed only when…
Q: How does the lac operon regulate lactose digestion in bacteria?a. The repressor protein becomes a…
A: The lac operon of E. coli contains genes concerned with lactose metabolism. It's expressed only if…
Q: If glucose is not available and lactose is absent from the environment, what is the status of…
A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the…
Q: What is the role of a substrate that controls a repressible operon? a. increase the production…
A: Operon is the segment of DNA. It consists of structural genes, regulatory, promoter and operator…
Q: An E. coli cell acquires a mutation in the gene that encodes CAP. The mutation affects the…
A: The transcription is a process through which information in the DNA molecule is transcribed into…
Q: ptoph had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The repressor is…
A: Operons are proteins encoded together as a block that performs specific functions and are involved…
Q: Discuss the concept of an operon and the roles of the various components in the E. coli lac operon.
A: Escherichia coli is referred to as a gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, and coliform…
Q: List and describe all the major players involved in transcription of the lac operon in bacteria…
A: Lactose operon is an example of inducible operon and it is the gene expression regulatory mechanism…
Q: The lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.…
A: β-galactosidase activity Permease activity Genotypes Glycerol Lactose Glycerol Lactose A - + -…
Q: An operon that encodes enzymes that degrade ampicilin is most likely __________ . A) inducible B)…
A: Option A and B are the answer. An operon that encodes enzymes that degrade ampicilin is most likely…
Q: In a bacterial operon, the active repressor bind to the A. promoter. B. terminator. C.…
A: The operon concept can be defined as a DNA containing a set of genes that are transcribed basically…
Q: Why do eukaryotic cells not have a lac operon? A. Eukaryotic cells cannot transcribe multiple genes…
A: Lac operon is a gene regulating unit present in prokaryotes. It consists of a promoter, repressor,…
Q: the presence of tryptophan, and a mutation in the allosteric domain that abolishes tryptophan…
A: The trp operon is an operon that is a group of genes that is used for transcription of messenger…
Q: give an example of an operon that is under negative control e. repressor f. give an example…
A: Operon is a controlling unit ab gene expression in prokaryotes. Examples of Prawns are Lac Operon…
Q: . If a particular operon encodes enzymes for makingan essential amino acid and is regulated like…
A: An operon is a functional unit of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) including a gene clusters under the…
Q: Explain how the following conditions will affect the regulation of the operon. (3 pts) Low cAMP…
A: Lac operon is a mechanism seen in the E coli that enables the proper metabolism in its body. The…
Q: 1) Assume you have an operon that is repressible. In this case, the rate of synthesis of repressor…
A: An operon is defined as a DNA functioning unit containing a cluster or group of genes under the…
Q: B. A researcher was trying to determine whether two molecules (A and B) were corepressors or…
A: A- Molecule A is corepressors Molecule B is inducer In molecule A ,It resemble corepressor…
Q: A mutation occurs in the lac operon operator site such that LacI can no longer bind to the operator…
A: Lac I stands for lac inhibitor. It's major function is to turn off the lac operon in the absence of…
Q: Strain ROFL4 has a premature stop mutation in the lacZ gene, resulting in a nonfunctional…
A: Gene regulation at the level of transcription in bacteria is achieved by the operon model. Operon…
Q: Which of the statements about the attenuator region of the trp operon is TRUE? Choose an answer…
A: It is located upstream of the operator.
Q: On this gene map, there are sections where large chunks of the same color are present. These might…
A: The gene or genes which gets transcribed when the operator is bound are known as operons.
Q: Theara operon is an inducible operon that controls the production of the sugar arabinose. When…
A: An operon is a group of genes that are transcribed together and are under the influence of a single…
Q: For some time, it was not clear whether lac repressor inhibits lac operon transcription by…
A: The binding of the lac repressor to the RNA(ribonucleic acid) polymerase of the lac transcription…
Q: Explain how the lac operon is regulated under the following conditions. Include the following terms…
A: Lactose can be broken down by E. coli bacteria, however, it is not their preferred fuel. They would…
Q: Which will be bound to the Lac Operon in an environment with lactose and glucose? A) both repressor…
A: The bacteria comprise many operons and one of the important operons is lac operon. Lac operon is…
Q: In regulations demonstrated by initiation of transcription, if lactose is abundant, lactose in this…
A: The promoter is a region on the lac operon which is bounded by RNA polymerase to initiates the…
Q: The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is A. transcribed only when glucose is present…
A: The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is - B. not transcribed whenever tryptophan is…
Q: A. The gene that regulates the production of the Lacl protein is found further upstream of the lac…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 3.1 Which of the following is NOT true about the lac operon? I) The lac operon is use to help…
A: ANSWER;- B) is NOT true about the lac operon. Allolactose binds to the repressor so they can bind…
Q: Which of the following statements is false?a) A derivative of lactose serves as an inducer of the…
A: Introduction: In bacteria, an operon is a coordinated component of genetic expression. In 1961,…
Q: f. Complete the diagrams below to reflect the proteins and any relevant cofactors (e.g. - inducer/…
A: Given:
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Provide the SIGNIFICANT differences between the following:
1. Operon Systems
Inducer/Lac | Repressor/Trp |
a. | |
b. | |
c. | |
d. |
2. Regulation of Transcription
Activators | Repressors |
a. | |
b. |
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- a. What is the function of operons in bacterial gene regulation? b. Describe how a bacterial operon can be regulated by repressible proteins (such as the tryptophan operon). Include in your description both the “on” and “off” states of the operon. Key elements of your diagram should include: Co-repressor, Genes, mRNA, Operator, Operon, Promoter, Repressor, RNA polymerase.Consider the lac operon of E. coli. Specifically, explain the following: a. Describe the overall chromosomal structure/organization of the operon, indicating the location and function of the regulatory regions and the structural genes. b. Is lac a catabolic or anabolic pathway? Explain. Is the operon inducible or repressible? Explain. c. Describe the mechanisms involved in negative control & positive control1. In E.coli transcription of the Lac Operon is known to be under Global control. For this operon explain the mechanisms of both negative and positive control (be sure to identify relevant regulatory molecules and operon regions). A. Positive Transcriptional Control: B. Negative Transcriptional Control: nodoubens besileroneD.8 2280019 pies8.) zenutost eupinUS C. If E.coli is grown in media containing both glucose and lactose when would you expect to see beta-galactosidase (catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose) produced?
- 1. Assuming that the level of glucose is low, a mutation in the repressor associated with the lac operon of E. coli which prevents binding of the repressor to lactose should result in: a. constitutive expression of the lac operon genes b. lack of expression or refuced expression of the lac operon genes under all circumstances c. expression of the genes only when lactose is present d. expression of the genes only when lactose is absent e. lack of expression of the lac operon genes, resulting in an increase in lactose productionA mutation that inactivates the repressor gene of the lac operon results in (a) the continuous transcription of the structural genes (b) no transcription of the structural genes (c) the binding of the repressor to the operator (d) no production of RNA polymerase (e) no difference in the rate of transcription. a. How many ribosomes are required (at a minimum)for the translation of trpE and trpC from a singletranscript of the trp operon?b. How would you expect deletion of the two tryptophan codons in the RNA leader to affect theexpression of the trpE and trpC genes?
- 1) A. What is the difference between a repressible vs, an inducible operon? B. Using diagrams and words, describe how the Lac Operon is regulated by different levels of lactose and glucose. Be sure to show what’s happening at the molecular level, including the roles of lactose, glucose the repressor protein, cAMP and CAP.2) Attenuation of the trp operon is controlled by the formation of stem-loop structures in the mRNA of the trpl region. The attenuation function can be disrupted by mutations that alter the sequence of the repeat DNA regions 1-4 and prevent formation of the RNA stem loops. Describe the most likely effects on attenuation of each of the following mutation under the conditions specified. a. Mutation in region 1 and low levels of tryptophan: b. Mutation in region 2 and low levels of tryptophan: Mutation in region 2 and moderate levels of tryptophan (low enough to release the repression but enough to allow the ribosome to NOT pause): с. d. Mutation in region 3 and low levels of tryptophan: е. Mutation in region 3 and moderate levels of tryptophan (low enough to release the repression but enough to allow the ribosome to NOT pause): f. Mutation in region 4 and low levels of tryptophan:Imagine this scenario: In E.coli the Operon X encodes for Proteins Y, X and Z. Proteins Y, X and Z are required for growth in the presence of Drug A. Outline the experiments that you would conduct to assess whether Protein B represses the transcription of Operon X in the absence of Drug A. Things to consider: 1. Transcription of Operon X 2. Mutations 3. Chromatin structure
- B. A researcher was trying to determine whether two molecules (A and B) were corepressors or inducers in their respective operon systems. Data was collected regarding the levels of protein and the amount of gene transcription for the genes in their respective operons. The data is shown below: Level of protein High Transcription of gene 1 Transcription of gene 2 Molecule A Low Low High High low High High Low Molecule B High low Low a) Dete b) Identify which system resembles the lac operon system and which resembles the trp operons system nine whether molecule A and molecule B are ducers or corepressors. Justify your answers.Define the following in the context of operons: a. positive control b. give an example of an operon that is under positive control c. negative control d. give an example of an operon that is under negative control e. repressor f. give an example of a repressor molecule g. activator h. give an example of an activatorSix strains of E. coli (mutants 1-6) that had one of the following mutations affecting the lac operon were isolated. a. deletion of lacY b. lacO mutation c. missense mutation in lacZ d. inversion of the lac operon (but not an inversion of the lacl gene) e. superrepressor mutation f. inversion of lacZ, Y, and A but not lacl, P, O The entire lac operon (including the lacI gene and its promoter) from each of the six E. coli strains was cloned into a plasmid vector containing an ampicillin resistance gene. Each recombinant plasmid was transformed into each of the six strains to create merodiploids, and each was plated on ampicillin media in which lactose is the only carbon source. (Ampicillin was included to ensure maintenance of the plasmid.) Growth of the transformants is scored here (a “+" sign = growth, a "-" sign = no growth). Synthesis of ß-galactosidase and permease are required for growth on this medium. Results of this merodiploid analysis are shown on the table given above. Which…