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- The male gametophyte of the moss looks identical to the female from the naked eye, but the photo below (I.s. at 4x and then at 40 x) shows that the tip contains the structures where male gametes are produced.9. Label the sporangia, indusium, leaf, and spores in Figure 4 below. Figure 4. Cyrtomium leaf c.s., sorus l.s. 10. Explain the mechanism of spore dispersal in ferns with sori 11. In what way is this mechanical method of spore dispersal similar to that in the bryophytes?. Photo by Carolyn Alling Most ferns produce only one kind of spore and are therefore homosporous. Upon germination, the spore, the first cell of the gametophytic generation, gives rise to a heart shaped, bisexual gametophyte, called a prothallus. 12. What type of nuclear division produces the many celled gametophyte from a spore? Examine the fern gametophytes under the dissecting scope. Note the many rhizoids emerging from the lower, or ventral, surface. Among the rhizoids you will find antheridia, some of which may contain sperm cells. Nearer the notch of the "heart" you will find the archegonia. In order to visualize their shape in three dimensions, you will have to focus up and down on the archegonia. Examine the…9-10. What groups of gymnosperms have flagellated sperms?11. This is sometimes called the Age of Cycads.12. Cycads contribute to soil fertilization due to their symbiotic relationship withthese organisms.13. These are water conducting cells of gymnosperms.14-15. Mention two gymnosperms with medicinal values.
- 4) Draw the moss gametophyte and sporophyte, and label the following structures: gametophyte male plant female plant foliage (bladelike structures) rhizoids sporophyte (stalk & capsule)16. Label the following on Figure 5 below: Antheridia, Archegonia, Adult Sporophyte, Zygote, Egg, Sorus, Gametophyte, Sporangium, Fertilization. Meiosis Spore (n) 917 31 Spore (n) Mature dehiscing (2n) with spores (n) Immature sporangium (2n) Leaf Indusium (2n) Germinating spores (2ń) rhizoids Mature gametophyte prothallus (n) 1n 2n (2n) -Sperm (n) Leaf of a young sporophyte (2n) (n) prothallus (n) 96 (2n) Figure 5. Polystichum life cycle (drawn by Stephanie Preising, SCSU '20) Part B: Psilotum Examine the living Psilotum plant. Psilotum, is unique among living seedless vascular plants because it lacks both roots and true leaves. Note the dichotomous branching pattern of the stems. Instead of roots, Psilotum has an underground stem, a rhizome, which bears rhizoids for the absorption of water. Examine the Psilotum for the presence of sporangia, which are borne terminally on short side branches. Psilotum is homosporous, producing only one type of spore. The spores produce bisexual…Give the PLOIDY of the following (ex: haploid, diploid, etc…)1. oospore2. prothallus 3. androcyte4. archegonium5. endosperm6. microsporocyte7. antherozoids 8. oosphere9. megaspore10. protenema
- 1.a.) In "alternation of generations" or the haplo-diplontic life cycle, what is the name of the cell that makes the male spore? 1.b.) Compared to mosses and liverworts, gymnosperms have fewer cells in the ______ stagePart 1: Identify the haploid and diploid generations of the following plants. (Examples are found in your prelab reading) Identify the Bryophyte and if it is in its haploid or diploid reproductive state. A hornwort Haploid B Moss Haploid C Liverwort Haploid List the stages of the life cycles for all three classes of Bryophytes starting from the spore stage. 中 Mosses Liverworts Hornworts Spore Spore Spore How does the life cycle of nonvascular plants differ from that of vascular plants? Why are ferns considered vascular plants even though they share a life cycle similar to Bryophytes?1) Read the following paragraph carefully. There are several mistakes within the paragraph. The ancestors of seed plants are thought to have been heterosporous. In modern day gymnosperms, megasporangia produce the gametes that give rise to the male gametophyte. Gymnosperm and angiosperm megasporangia have one integument layer. The megasporangia is haploid and makes the megaspore. a) How many mistakes are in the above paragraph? b) Rewrite the paragraph to be correct. Underline any changes you make to correct the statements.
- Label the diagram which features an illustration of a portion of the sporophyte of Selaginella with strobili, and a photomicrograph of the longitudinal section of a mature strobilus. Indicate whether each of the structure you identified is haploid (n) or diploid (2n)The sporophyte generation in higher plants include which of the following: 1) seta 2) plant embryo 3 ) anther 4) embryo sac 5) seed cone 6) fruit 7) pollen grain 8.) needle-like leaves 9) protonemata 2. Which characterize Gnetum gnemon? 1 ) netlike venation 2) tracheary elements (vessels and tracheids 3) naked ovules 4) linear, entire leaves 5) dioecious flowers 6) parallel venation 7) vessels 8. broad, entire leaves 9) tracheids 10) ovary walls 11) monoecious flowers4. a) EXPLAIN the terms Haplobiontic and Diplobiontic Life Cycle and give ONE example for each b) Anthophytes show "alternation of generation". Identify the structures that represent the TWO stages in its life cycle. c) The diagrams in Figure 2 show the steps in the development of an embryo sac and pollen grain. In ovary megasporangial cell In anther microsporangial cells VI microsporocyte / pollen mother cells (2n) microsporocyte (n) megasporocyte / embryo sac mother cell (2n) 4 megaspores (n) 1 megaspore (..) tube nucleus and VII immature pollen grain antipodal nuclei - polar nuclei synergids egg nucleus .nucleus .nudeus . nudeus (.. VII embryo sac germinating pollen grain FIGURE 2 i) STATE the process that occurs at stages I to IV in the diagrams in Figure 2. ii) What is the chromosome content of the megaspore at III. ii) What are the names of nuclei formed during germination of the pollen grain at VIIIT iv) Identify TWO ways that the sporophyte of a fern differs from that of an…