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- Betty is looking for a job. She considers job opportunities intwo cities. Bettyís utility is given by y- x, where y is the lifetime income andx is the amount spent on buying a house. The income from City 1 fluctuatesalthough the house price is stable. On the contrary, the income from City2 is stable while the house price fluctuates. If she moves to City 1, Bettycan earn a lifetime income y1 with probability alpha and 1 + y1 with probability1-alpha . The house price in City 1 is x1. Moving to City 2 means that Bettycan earn an income of y2. However, the house price is x2 with probabilitygamma and 1 + x2 with probability 1-gamma . Do the following: (a) Write down theexpected utilities associated with living in the two respective cities, i.e., V1and V2. (b) Derive the condition under which Betty chooses City 1.Suppose there is a 50–50 chance that a risk-averse individual with a current wealth of $20,000 will contract a debilitating disease and suffer a loss of $10,000. a. Calculate the cost of actuarially fair insurance in this situation and use a utility-of-wealth graph (such as shown in Figure 7.1) to show that the individual will prefer fair insurance against this loss to accepting the gamble uninsured. b. Suppose two types of insurance policies were available: (1) a fair policy covering the complete loss; and (2) a fair policy covering only half of any loss incurred. Calculate the cost of the second type of policy and show that the individual will generally regard it as inferior to the first. Reference: Figure 7.1ayesha derives utility from travelling and outdoor dinning o weekends as given utility function U(t,d)=TD.the price of a day spent travelling is $160{Pt=160} and price of dining outdoor $200{Pd=200}.ayesha annual budget for this is $8000. find ayesha's utility maximizing choice of days travelling and dining outside. and alsoo find uutility level from consuming that bundles .show findings graphically
- a Suppose you are given a choice between thefollowing options:A1: Win $30 for sureA2: 80% chance of winning $45 and 20% chance ofA2: winning nothing B1: 25% chance of winning $30B2: 20% chance of winning $45Most people prefer A1 to A2 and B2 to B1. Explainwhy this behavior violates the assumption that decisionmakers maximize expected utility.b Now suppose you play the following game: You havea 75% chance of winning nothing and a 25% chance ofplaying the second stage of the game. If you reach thesecond stage, you have a choice of two options (C1 andC2), but your choice must be made now, before youreach the second stage.C1: Win $30 for sureC2: 80% chance of winning $45 13.5 Bayes’ Rule and Decision Trees 767Most people choose C1 over C2 and B2 to B1 (from part(a)). Explain why this again violates the assumption ofexpected utility maximization. Tversky and Kahneman(1981) speculate that most people are attracted to thesure $30 in the second stage, even though the secondstage may never be…Consider a town with a single street of 1 km long with 3,000 people spread uniformly along it. Two stores, 1 and 2, are located at the opposite ends of the street and sell the same product (store 1 is locatedattheleftend).Thecostofwalkingist1 =$6perkmtostore1andt2 =$9perkmtostore2for each consumer. The net utility of a consumer located at point x from buying a product at store 1 is U1(x) = 100 – p1 – t1x, where pi is a price of the product at store i = 1,2. The net utility from buying at store 2 is U2(x) = 100 – p2 – t2(1 – x). The average cost of the product for each store is c = 4. (a) Assume that all consumers buy product from the sellers. Find the demand functions Di(p1,p2) and the profit functions πi(p1,p2) for each store i = 1,2 as functions of prices p1,p2.(b) Find the equilibrium prices.Suppose that the University of Alabama and Clemson are making spending decisions for theupcoming year. Assume that Alabama is currently spending $15 million on their recruiting andfacilities, and Clemson is spending $10 million. Each team has an additional $5 million to spendor keep as profits. If they both choose to not spend the additional $5 million then Alabama hasa 60% chance of getting the highest quality quarterback recruit to commit to them (getting thecommitment of the player is the goal). However, if they both choose to spend the additional $5million then there is a 57% chance that Alabama gets the high quality quarterback to commit. IfAlabama spends the additional $5 million but Clemson doesn’t then there is a 67% chanceAlabama gets the recruit. However, if Alabama does NOT spend the additional $5million butClemson does then there is a 50% change either team gets the recruit’s commitment. Setup thepayoff matrix and label the players, their strategies, and their payoffs, and…
- Becky is deciding whether to purchase an insurance for her home againtst burglary. the payoff for her is shown as follow: Net worth of her Net worth of her home: $ 20000 burglary(10%) Net worth of her Net worth of her home: $50000 burglary (90%) The insueance would cover all the loss from burlary and the insurance fee is $8000. Her utility funtion is given as u=w ^0.3 Should Beck purchase the insurance Explain.4. Show how to construct the reference dependent utility function for two friends Kate and Mary whose gains and losses are listed as follows : Kate's net worth is $ 4.5 million ( decreased from $ 5.5 to $ 4.5 million ) Mary's net worth $ 3.2 million ( increased from $ 3 to $ 3.2 million ) ( First determine the reference point ( use a parameter ) and then derive reference utility function for each ) .1. A woman with current wealth X has the opportunity to bet an amount on the o ccurrence of an event that she knows will occur with probability P. If she wager s W, she will received 2W, if the event occur and if it does not. Assume that t he Bernoulli utility function takes the form u(x) = -e-TX with r> 0. How much should she wager? Does her utility function exhibit CARA, DARA, IARA?
- The following figure shows a utility function for Dexter UTILITY 1,300 1.000 WEALTH (Dollars) 800 Refer to Figure 28-3. Suppose the vertical distance between the points (0, A) and (o, B) is 12. If his wealth increased from $1,300 to $1,800, then OaDexter would be more likely to buy insurance. Ob Dexters subjective measure of his well-being would increase by less than 12 units Dexter would change from being a misk-averse person into a person who is not risk averse Od Dexters subjective measure of his well being would increase by more than 12 units5. There are five agents and four states of the world. Agents' valuations in each state are listed below. state A state B state C state D Agent 1 14 8 4 2 Agent 2 3 6 9. 7 Agent 3 5 10 3 11 Agent 4 7 10 Agent 5 8 What is an outcome of a VCG mechanism in this setting? 4 12 72. Suppose you have no money of your own but luckily you participate in one contest. You have a utility for money as follows. U=y". You two options: Option 1: You get X liras for sure. Option 2: You get 144 liras 50 percent of the time and nothing 50 perctt of the time. a-) How much X should be in order for you to be indifferent between option 1 and option 2? Please show all your calculations b-) What is your Arrow-Pratt measure of absolute risk aversion? How does it change with y?