Reverse transcriptase would most likely be found in which of the following types of viruses? an RNA-based lytic virus a DNA-based lytic virus an RNA-based lysogenic virus a DNA-based lysogenic virus
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- Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5The genome of a virus consists of (a) DNA (b) RNA (c) prions (d) DNA and RNA (e) DNA or RNAReverse transcriptase would most likely be inside which virus? a DNA-based lytic virus an RNA-based lysogenic virus an RNA-based lytic virus a DNA-based lysogenic virus
- Match each of the following replication classes of viruses with the one description that best describes it. This virus class is composed of segmented and non-segmented helical viruses that carry an RdRp within the virion into the cell. Example: Rabies virus These viruses are non- enveloped, icosahedral, have segmented genomes, and carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The viral genome is copied following assembly. Example: Reovirus This is the only class of RNA viruses whose genome is replicated by cellular enzymes and not an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Cellular DNA polymerases replicate this virus's non- integrated genome, although transcription is not the initial event that takes place in the process. Example: Parvoviruses In this class of viruses, transcription occurs before genome replication because viral proteins are involved in replicating the genome. Example: Adenovirus This class of viruses forms circular DNA and creates pre- genomic RNA using host RNA polymerases.…If you wanted to use the replication of a virus to simulate the process of replication of an animal cell, which type of virus would you choose to simulate the replication process found in an animal cell? dsDNA -SSRNA dsRNA +ssRNA ssDNAPlease describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into mammalian cells. (Please do not copy and paste from the powerpoint). infecting virus (virion) cel DNA provirus LTR LTR NUCLEUS viral RNA CYTOPLASM core virus particle R- R SSRNA 3b LTR LTR DNA
- Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses? Operons in the viral genome can undergo homologous recombination, leading to genetic rearrangements. Reassortment of segmented genomes can occur if a host cell is co-infected with two different viral strains. RNA polymerases used in replication of the viral genome have proofreading capability. Environmental conditions can trigger the SOS response, which triggers mutations in the viral genome.You are a virologist studying a newly isolated viral strain and have sequenced its genome. You find that the genome contains 25% A, 55% G, 20% C, and 10% U. Which of the following conclusions is likely correct? This is a single-stranded RNA virus This is a single-stranded DNA virus This is a double-stranded RNA virus This is a double-stranded DNA virus No conclusions can be drawn from this informationSome retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.
- Define the terms "latency" and "lysogeny" as they refer to viruses. Describe at least TWO ways these two processes are similar. Describe at least TWO ways these two processes are different.Viruses that infect bacterial cells do not infect human cells, and viruses that infect human cells do not infect bacterial cells. Explain why this should be the case.As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.
