Suppose the sneaker industry is an oligopoly with two competing firms, Velocity and Laces. There is some product differentiation, as Velocity produces mostly athletic sneakers, while Laces focuses more on casual sneakers for everyday wear. The graph below represents these companies' competition using the Bertrand model with differentiated products. Velocity best response 17 30 Laces price (P 30 Velocity price (P) Laces best response Refer to Figure 13-2. Increasing product differentiation between Velocity and Laces allows them both to without losing many customers to the other. a. raises quantity Ob. lower quantity Oc. lower prices Od. raise prices
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- . What is the Nash equilibrium in this advertising war?a) Coke advertises; Pepsi does not advertise b) Pepsi advertises; Coke does not advertise c) neither of them advertises d) both of them advertise Explain the reasons for your answer? Was any other equilibrium position possible? advertise do not advertise pepsi-advertise coke profit=$50B coke profit =$20B PEPSI profit =$50B pepsi profit =$100B do not advertise coke profit =$100B coke profit =$80B pepsi profit =$20B PEPSI PROFIT =$80 BSuppose a country's mobile phone industry is supplied by only two firms (i.e. an oligopoly). Explain how the presence of two firms affects the price elasticity of demand of each firm's output.Suppose Tasty Cakes is deciding its pricing strategy: it is debating whether to offer a single linear price for its sheet cakes or to offer non-linear pricing. Suppose on any day, it gets 2 customers–who are of Type A and TypeB with the following maximum willingness-to-pay for the cakes: Units Type A Type B 1 $100 $90 2 $75 $40 Suppose it costs $10 to bake each of the cakes. (a) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a linear pricing strategy, what will be the profit-maximizing price it should choose? How many cakes will it end up selling and what will be its total profit? (b) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a non-linear pricing strategy where it may offer a different price depending on the number of cakes purchased, what should be the profit-maximizing set of prices? How many cakes will it sell and what will be its total profit? (c)Comparing Tasty Cakes’profits in (a) and (b), explain IN WORDS why we see this difference in profits
- 1. Consider an industry with inverse demand given by p = 8 – q, where p is the price, and q is the quantity. There is one incumbent firm and one potential entrant. In the first stage of the game, the incumbent chooses its quantity qi. In the second stage, the potential entrant observes qi and chooses its quantity Ce. The potential entrant can also decide not to enter the market. The production technology of both firms are represented by the cost function C = 2q. To enter industry implies a fixed entry cost of F. (a) Find the equilibrium of the game, assuming that the potential entrant enters the industry. What are the profits of firms? (b) Assume that entry is not blockaded. For which values of F does the incumbent firm prefer to deter entry? (c) For which values of F, entry blockaded?At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $8 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $43 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.i ≤ percentAt a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $12 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. Under what conditions could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?
- At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $2 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $16 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $56 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.Save Answer Consider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies spit the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertisirlg. Yet if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers? Neither company will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60. One company will advertise, the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70. Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $40. Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60.The setting is a Ralph Lauren outlet store, and the product line is Polo golf shirts. A product manager and the General Manager for Outlet Sales are analyzing the discounted price to be offered at the outlet stores. Let’s work through the decision at the level of one color of golf shirts sold per outlet store per day. The decision being made is how low a price to select at the start of any given day to generate sales at that price throughout the day. The demand, revenue, and variable cost information is collected on the following spreadsheet:Questions1. Identify the change in total revenue (the marginal revenue) from the fourth shirt per day. What price reduction was necessary to sell four rather than three shirts?2. Does this fourth shirt earn an operating profit or impose an operating loss? How large is it?3. What is the change in total revenue from lowering the price to sell seven rather than six shirts in each color each day? In what sense is the decision to sell this seventh shirt…
- QUESTION 10 Consider the markets studied in class: Bertrand duopoly, Cournot duopoly and Monopoly. Rank these markets in terms of their equilibrium price (P), total quantity produced in the whole market (Q) and deadweight loss (DWL). Select True of False for each of the following statements: 1-QBertrand PBertrand III - DWLCournot > DWLMonopoly. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was founded in 1969. Their original objective was to form a cartel to increase the price that they receive for their oil exports. Create a prisoner’s dilemma type game for two large members of OPEC (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia). Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of these two countries. Verbally explain how you got your numbers. Find the Nash equilibrium. Based on this model, what strategy is in the oil exporters’ best interest (Nash or otherwise)? How do they make it happen? Create another prisoner’s dilemmamodel for all of OPEC on one side, and all non OPEC oil exporting nations on the other side. Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of the two sides. Verbally explain how you created your numbers. Also create your numbers applying the fact that OPEC’s total production capacity is greater than total non OPEC exports…Assume that two firms, Wilson and Spalding, can manufacture basketballs for the entire Norfolk market, and that the market is oligopolistic in structure. Market Demand: Q-120-P Total Costs: TC-200 Q the quantity of basketballs P the price of a basketball in $ US TC the total cost of producing a given quantity of basketballs (in $ US) Show all of your work in solving the problems below. 1) The Cournot Model: Now assume that the two firms are Cournot competitors, and that all the assumptions of the Cournot model are met: no firm entry, homogeneous goods, a single period, and that the firms choose the quantities of basketballs to supply. Now, how many basketballs will be sold by each firm and at what price? What will be the total revenues, total costs, and the profits for each of the two firms? Demonstrate the model using graphs. (See Figs. 9-3 to 9-10) 2) The Stackelberg Model: Assume that the two firms are Stackelberg competitors, and that Wilson is the Stackelberg leader and Spalding…