Suppose two firms, Genera Pharma and Futura Pharma, are the only two producers of a specific drug. Genera and Futura have the same formula and sell the drug for the same price, but they are considering whether or not to spend money on an advertising campaign. Each firm can either buy the advertising campaign or not buy it and the following table shows profits for four different scenarios.
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- Consider the curve in the figure below, which shows the market demand. marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. In this example, we assume firms have zero fixed costs. Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cane] breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will be the industry quantity and price? What will be the collective profits of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.Think about firms such as the Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo who competeagainst each other in the monopolistically competitive market for soft drinks. Eachfirm produces a unique product, but each of these unique products is to some extenta substitute for the soft drinks produced by rival companies.Now imagine a situation where the firms within such a market are facing suchextreme competition that they are unable to make an operating profit. Characterisethis situation diagrammatically and explain what will happen to the market, payingparticular attention to the exit or entry of firms out of (or into) the market.There is much evidence that large firms with considerable market power (firms such asmonopolies) may not maximize profits but may pursue quite different objectives such asgrowth or sales revenue maximization. What are the arguments put forward to defendmonopoly? Name any 5 Generally, the aim of a business is to maximize profit. Which point should a firm operateat in order to achieve maximum profit? By making use of a graph indicate clearly the pointat which a firm makes maximum profit and a point where a firm increase their output inorder to enhance profit as well as well as the points where they should reduce theirproduction if they want to enhance profit
- 4. We assume that there are two countries, X and Y, each has a monopolistically competitive Home Appliance Market. By using the data of the Table below, define and specify the main effects of the Krugman's Model. Home Appliance Home Appliance Market Market in Integrated Market in Country X Before Trade Country Y Before Trade After Trade Total Sales of Home 700,000 1,300,000 2,000,000 Appliance Number of firms Sales per firm Axarage Cost Price 8. 116,000 162,500 222,000 15,000 12,000 10,000 15,000 12,000 10,000For example, the lower left cell of the matrix shows that if Full Coop advertises and Lucky Bird does not advertise, Full Coop will make a profit of $14 million, and Lucky Bird will make a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Lucky Bird and Full Coop are both profit- maximizing firms. If Lucky Bird chooses to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ advertise. million if Full Coop advertises and a profit of $ million if Full Coop does not If Lucky Bird chooses not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ not advertise. million if Full Coop advertises and a profit of $ million if Full Coop does S If Full Coop advertises, Lucky Bird makes a higher profit if it chooses If Full Coop doesn't advertise, Lucky Bird makes a higher profit if it chooses Suppose that both firms start off by deciding not to advertise. If the firms act independently, what strategies will they end up choosing? Both firms will choose not to advertise. O Lucky Bird will choose not to…Ma3. You operate in a duopoly in which you and a rival must simultaneously decide what price to charge for the same homogeneous product. Assume each you and your rival can choose a “low price” or a “high price”. If you each charge a low price, you each earn zero profits. If you each charge a high price, you each earn profits of $3 million. If you charge different prices, the one charging the high price loses $5 million and the one charging the low price makes $5 million. What is the Nash equilibrium for the non-repeated version of this game? Now suppose the game is infinitely repeated. If the interest rate is 10%, can you do better than you could in the non-repeated version of this game? If your answer is “yes”, provide the players’ strategies and any other conditions that must hold.
- 3. Suppose Microsoft is selling the two products to the individuals below with their willingness to pay for each item as in the table. Suppose the costs of producing each item is $10 for both products. Find the maximum profit of Microsoft if it can sell with either unit pricing, pure or mixed bundle prices for these items. TIT Word Processor Spreadsheet Alice 20 10 Ben 40 30 Chris 80 70 Daniel 60 50While there is a degree of differentiation between major grocery chains like Albertsons and Kroger, theregular offering of sale prices by both firms for many of their products provides evidence that these firmsengage in price competition. For markets where Albertsons and Kroger are the dominant grocers, thissuggests that these two stores simultaneously announce one of two prices for a given product: a regularprice or a sale price. Suppose that when one firm announces the sale price and the other announces theregular price for a particular product, the firm announcing the sale price attracts 1000 extra customers toearn a profit of $5000, compared to the $3000 earned by the firm announcing the regular price. Whenboth firms announced the sale price, the two firms split the market equally (each getting an extra 500customers) to earn profits of $2000 each. When both firms announced the regular price, each companyattracts only its 1500 loyal customers and the firms each earned $4500 in…The Competition Bureau in Canada wants to increase competition and reduce monopoly power. Thus it it worries about industry concentration in Canada. Let's assume that the Canadian halibut processing industry there are only two firms(duopoly). Under such a market structure, if one of the halibut processing firm increases its price, then the other firm in the halibut processing industry can: keep the price of its processed halibut constant and thus increase its market share. keep its price of its processed halibut constant and thus decrease its market share. decrease its price of its processed halibut and thus decrease its market share. try to achieve economies of scale. increase its price of its processed halibut and thus increase its market share.
- dr. phelps (Edmund Phelps) claims the US is becoming more corporatist -- which of the four models (pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, or monopoly) may be the most useful for analyzing the microeconomic behavior of firms in today's economy? discuss whethere you belibe Phelps is correcg in concluding that our current social-political-economic system does not facilitate nor stimulate our economy's dynamism as much as it did in the past. response should be at least 5 sentences per each part of the question. so a total of 10 sentences or more.Discussion Question 13-11 Network effects give Internet firms a boost with respect to first mover advantages. This is because with network effects O whichever firm's network becomes the largest will become the most valuable to potential customers and will therefore attract even more users. O only firms with access to proprietary technology can form a network. O networks can be networked to create even more traffic and profits. O the first internet firm to establish a network has the most influence over any regulation. When network effects are at play, an increase in the number of people using a given product will shift the demand curve to Oright and make it more elastic. O the right and make it more inelastic. O left and make it more inelastic. O left and make it more elastic. NOV 12 tv NA 10Rawlding is a manufacturer in the oligopolistically competitive market for footballs. Two other manufacturers, Spaldon and Wilke, compete with Rawlding for football consumers. Rawlding faces the demand curve for footballs depicted on the graph. Initially, Rawlding charges $30 per football, producing and selling 7 million footballs per year. PRICE (Dollars per ball) 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 O 7 8 FOOTBALLS (Millions of balls) 9 10 G As an oligopolist, Rawlding is a price maker. If Rawlding raises the price of its football from $30 to $32 per ball, the quantity of Rawlding footballs demanded by million footballs per year. If Rawlding reduces the price of its football from $30 to $28 per ball, the quantity of by million footballs per year. (Hint: Click on the points on the graph to see their coordinates.) footballs demanded If Rawlding raises the price of its football above $30, the kinked demand curve model suggests that Spaldon and Wilke will respond by The portion of Rawlding's…