TASK №o 2 The patient complains about intense pain in the right iliac region, vomiting, and a fever of 38.5° C. In the analysis of blood: neutrophilic leukocytosis, an increase in the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation. The patient is operated on. In the area of the operating wound, an appendix of dark red color was found, in the lumen of which there was yellow-green liquid. Questions: 1. What kind of typical pathological process (TPP) is observed in the patient? Give its definition. 2. List the local signs of this TPP in the patient. 3. Indicate mechanisms of their formation in the patient
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- Nursing Questions Which of the following symptoms most likely indicates that an infusion is infiltrated ?A. Redness and heat at the siteB. Pain at the siteC. Puffiness and cool at the siteD. Exudates at the site.TASK No 2 A 44-year-old patient, suffering from varicose veins for a long time, complains of calf muscle cramps and leg swelling, which increase with physical activity. On examination: skin is thin, cyanotic, edematous, cold to the touch. In the area of the inner ankle of the right leg, a painless ulcer is found. Questions: 1. Name the disorder of regional circulation that has led to the development of edema on the legs. 2. Give the definition of edema. 3. Name the initial pathogenetic factor of edema development in this case. 4. What other reasons can lead to the inclusion of this factor of edema development?TASK N 2 In a 75-year-old patient who had bed rest for 4 weeks after a fracture of the femoral neck, a temperature of 38.5°C has appeared, a cough with phlegm and dyspnea. On a rentgenogram were found foci of darkening in the lower parts of the lungs. Staphylococcus was found in sputum. Blood test: leukocytes - 15x10° / 1 Questions: 1. What disease has developed in the patient? 2. Describe this disease according to its clinical and morphological features. 3. What are the possible causes of this disease?
- TASK N 2 In a 75-year-old patient who had bed rest for 4 weeks after a fracture of the femoral neck, a temperature of 38.5°C has appeared, a cough with phlegm and dyspnea. On a rentgenogram were found foci of darkening in the lower parts of the lungs. Staphylococcus was found in sputum. Blood test: leukocytes - 15x10⁹/1 Questions: 6. What are the ways of getting the infection into the lungs with this disease. 7. List possible complications of this diseaseTASK No 1 At a patient of 20 years in 2 weeks after the transferred angina there were edemas on his face, legs and loin. The patient was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Questions: 1. What is swelling? Give its definition. 2. Describe the patient's edema with the help of the maximum number of classifications. 3. What pathogenetic factor of edema is the initial one in this case? 4. What other causes, besides acute glomerulonephritis, can lead to the inclusion of this pathogenetic factor? 5. Make a scheme of the development of edema in the patient. 6. What kind of microcirculatory disorders is swelling? 7. What is the biological significance of the edema?Work 1. Scheme of the structure of the circulatory system. Label in the scheme: 1. departments of the heart, 2. vessels of large and small circles of blood circulation, 3. portal blood circulation of the liver, 4. sites of lymphogenesis, 5. the place where the lymphatic system enters the bloodstream, 6. sections of the vascular bed, in which blood becomes saturated with oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide, 7. sections of the vascular bed, in which blood gives oxygen and receives carbon dioxide. Img. 47. The scheme of the structure of the circulatory system and its connection with the lymphatic system.
- TASK Ne 3 A patient complaints of frequent, painful urination and a fever of 37,3°C. In urine, a large number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and bacteria was found. With cystoscopy: the mucous membrane of the bladder is bright red and edematous. Questions: What type of typical pathological process (TPP) underlies the pathology of the bladder? Give its definition. 2. What was the reason for the development of this TPP? 3. What other reasons can cause this TPP? 4. What are the symptoms of this TPP that are available to the patient? 5. Describe the TPP in the patient according to different classifications. 6. What are the stages of migration of leukocytes from the vascular bed to the focus of inflammation? 7. Name the stages of vascular reactions that are observed in the patient, as well as the mechanism of their developmentTASK N 4 Patient B., 60 years old, was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Myocardial infarction". On examination: cold and cyanotic skin. Respiration is frequent, superficial, arterial pressure 90/60 mm Hg, pulse - 110 beats / min (normal 60-90 beats per minute). The patient is transferred to the intensive care unit. Questions: 1. What kind of typical pathological process (TPP) develops with myocardial infarction? 2. Define this TPP. 3. Describe the TPP, developed in the patient, according to the speed of its development, prevalence, cause of occurrence.EXAMINATION PAPER ON PATHOLOGY № 6 TASK N 1 A patient, 50 years old, complains of sharp pains in the region of the heart and legs during a quick waking. He works as the director of a large plant, the work is associated with a constant psychoemotional overstrain. The patient smokes a lot. On examination: height - 180 cm, weight - 110 kg. The arterial pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, the heart rate is 130 beats / min. Skin of feet cold, pale. Angiography of the vessels of the heart and legs detected a narrowing of the lumen of the arterial vessels and ulceration of their walls as well. Questions: 5. List the stages of development of this disease, briefly describe each stage. 6. What stage of the disease is observed in the patient? 7. What are the possible complications of this disease?
- Task 1. A woman of 35 consulted a doctor with the complaints on weakness, decrease capacity for work. In blood analyses it was found: hemoglobine - 110 g/l, erythrocytes – 2,7 · 10¹2/l, color index - 1,2; leucocytes - 4,5 - 109/1, leucocyte formula without changes, thrombocytes - 120 - 10%/1, blood coagulation time - 5 minutes, bleeding time (duration of bleeding) - 6 minutes, blood plasma proteins - 65 g/l, erythrocytes sedimentation rate -19 mm/hour. Make ground conclusion. Name possible reasons of marked changes.TASK №o 1 A patient of 19 years old felt weak, dizzy, pain in the neck, nausea after four hours spending in a hot bath. On examination: the skin is moist, strongly hyperemic. Body temperature is 39° C. Questions: 1. What pathological process has been developing in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the cause of this pathological process. 3. List the stages of development of this pathological condition. 4. Indicate its possible complications 5. Indicate changes in metabolism, typical for the pathological condition that has developed in the patient. 6. What type of typical pathological process (TPP) is needed to be differentiated in the patient? Give its definition. 7. Conduct a comparative analysis of this TPP and pathological process in the patient.For each of the following Patient Profiles, determine the most appropriate triage category (red, yellow, green, or black), and why. patient profiles: 1. Profuse bleeding from scalp wound. - talking to you - respirations : 20/min - radial pulse : present 2. Complaining of severe back pain and pelvic pain. - tells you her back hurts - respirations : 20/min - radial pulse : present 3. Nothing obvious problem, covered in debris. - unconsious - respirations : 8/min - radial pulse : present 4. amputation of left arm - talking to you, attempting to stop the bleeding - respirations : 25/min - radial pulse : present 5. impaled object, very pale and sweaty - tells you she feel sick - respirations : 27/min - radial pulse : present