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- (a) If the average molecular mass of compounds in food is 50.0 g, how many molecules are mere in 1.00 kg at food? (b) How many ion pairs are created in 1.00 kg of food, if it is exposed to 1000 Sv and it takes 32.0 eV to create an ion pair? (c) Find the ratio of ion pairs to molecules. (d) If these ion pairs recombine into a distribution of 2000 new compounds, how many parts per billion is each?(a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in the known universe, given there are 1011 galaxies, each containing 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. (b) How many protons (the most abundant nuclide) are there in this mates? (c) Estimate the total number of particles in the observable universe by multiplying the answer to (b) by two, since there is an electron for each proton, and then by 109, since there are far more particles (such as photons and neutrinos) in space than in luminous matter.A radio active element (x) has a half-life of 38 hours. Initially, x = x,. Determine the amount of radio active element at any time, t. -t In(0.5) x = Ce 38 t In(0.5) x = xoe 38 -t In(0.5) x = x,e 38 t In(0.5) x = Ce 38 t In(0.1) x = xoe 38 -t In(0.1) I = xoe 38
- 3 3 Consider the nuclear reactionH 4 1 H+H- He + 2,n. The known atomic masses are 4 , He: 4.002603 u 3 H: 3.016049u 1 1 o n: 1.008665 u What is the energy released in this nuclear reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2) O -15.6 MeV O 0.065 MeV -0.0122 MeV O 11.3 MeVB3. In the alpha decay of uranium 232U → 228Th + He, how much kinetic energy (in MeV) will 90 the thorium atom have. Given that Q = 6.46 MeV and the atomic mass of 220Th is 228.028731u. Express the values to 3 significant figures, if necessary.39.8 An atom of uranium-235 (atomic mass: m(23U) cays to thorium-231 (atomic mass: 231. 00 Th) = 231.03630 u) emission of an 235.04392 u) de- 92 via the a particle (nuclear 4.00151 u). m(ža) c = 2.998 x 108 m s-1. mass: Use %D (a) What is the binding energy of an 235U nucleus (in J)? 92 (b) What is the binding energy of a 231 Th nucleus (in J)? 90 (c) What is the binding energy of an a particle (in J)? (d) What is the maximum possible ki- netic energy (in J) of the a particle emitted during this decay? (Hint: what is the difference between the mass of 23°U and the total mass of 92 231 Th and an a particle?) 90 (e) Whatis the maximum velocity of the emitted a particle?
- How did we know that a=(Uₒ/2)?Plutonium-239 is used as the energy source for heart pacemakers and space probes. It decays to uranium-235 by alpha emission. How much energy (in kilojoules) is given off by the decay? (235U = = 239.0522 amu; He = 4.0026 amu; 1 amu = 1.661x10-24 g.) 23⁹ Pu 235.0439 amu; 94 O -1.5 x 10-13 kJ -1.5 x 10-10 kJ -1.5 x 10-16 kJ Ⓒ -1.5 x 10-15 kJe =1.6x1019 C E0 =8.85x10-12 CN'.m2 m² c = 3.00 x10 m/s h 6.626x1034 J.s RH=1.0973732 x10 m =9 x 10° N.m2/C 4TEO m,=1.67x1027 kg m-9.1x1031 kg 1 Ci= 3.7x100 decays/s NA6.02 x1023 atoms/ mol #3 Question An electron was placed 5 cm from a proton (case í), then a uniform electric field was applied on both charges (case ii) as shown in the side figure. 5 cm a) What is the coulomb force between the charges before applying the electric field? b) Will the separation between the electron and proton increase or decrease after applying the electric field? Explain why? c) Calculate the ratio a./a, after applying the electric field, where a is the acceleration.
- The unified atomic mass unit is defined to be 1 u = 1.6605×10−27 kg . Verify that this amount of mass converted to energy yields 931.5 MeV. Note that you must use four-digit or better values for c and ∣ qe ∣ .A sample of Co (atomic mass= 59.933820u) undergoes ß decay emitting electrons with maximum kinetic energy 0.31 MeV. If the ground state mass of the Ni atom is 59.930788u, then calculate the excitation energy of the state to which the decay occurs.Current Attempt in Progress Find the energy (in MeV) released when a decay converts 88X226 (atomic mass = 226.02540 u) into 86Y222 (atomic mass = 222.01757 u). The atomic mass of an a particle is 4.002603 u. Number i Save for Later Parent nucleus N Z+ Units Daughter nucleus N-20 Z-2+ a particle (helium nucleus) + 2 2+ Attempts: 0 of 1 used Submit Answer
