The figure below shows a completely mixed reactor receiving two inflows. Assuming steady state for water, what is the steady-state effluent concentration (C) in mg/L? 10 L/min 25 mg/L 5 L/min 10 mg/L Q L/min C mg/L The steady-state effluent concentration, C = mg/L
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- Look at the following information for a completely mixed biological reactor: tank volume = 200 m³; flow rate = 50 m³/day; incoming substrate concentration = 95 mg BOD5/L. Calculate effluent BOD5 (Given Ks = 60 mg BOD5 /L ; kd = 0.06/day; μm = 3 /day)To calculate the volumetric loading rate, VL, for a flow of 1000 m³/d for a reactor with a 1000 m² surface area and 10 m depth, which equation is used? OA. VL = B. Vì OC. VL = V2 Q² O D. V₂ = QV -1. Draw control volume diagram of reactors for each of the following conditions and write down the mass balance equations using different notations shown in figure: C, Qout Cin Qin V, C Reaction rate constant =k Figure: Sample CMFR/CFSTR showing influent and effluent flows, volume, reaction rate components. a) Steady state CMFR/CFSTR with conservative pollutant b) Steady state CMFR/CFSTR with non-conservative pollutant having first order growth rate c) Non-steady state CMFR/CFSTR with non-conservative pollutants having second order decay rate
- Environmental Engineering: Water Treatment Please consider each of the following points: a. Determine the required residence time for each reactor of 3 equal volume CSTRs in series given a zero-order reaction with a reaction rate constant, k = -5 mg/L hr. The influent concentration is 125 mg/L and 95% conversion is required across the three-reactor system. What is the total reactor system residence time? b. Determine the required residence time for a single CSTR given the same conditions. c. Determine the required residence time for a PFR given the same conditions. d. Why are all three residence time the same?Environmental Engineering: Three (3) continuously stirred tank reactors are to be used in series. All the reactors have a similar volume. The influent flow has a concentration 100 mg/L of A and a flow rate of 200 l/min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.30 hr-1. Using the given information: a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. b. What are the concentrations of A and the rate of conversion in each reactor?A waste stream flows at 2,000 liters/day with a concentration of 60 mg/l of hazardous chemicalA. The chemical undergoes a first-order decay reaction with k = 0.01/sec. Complete performanceanalyses of the three common ideal chemical reactors to determine the effluent concentration ofchemical A for the following conditions:1. CSTR, V = 500 liters2. PFR, V = 14 liters3. Batch Reactor, V = 500 liters (i.e., 4 batches of waste processed per day to handle thetotal daily volume of 2,000 liters) with a reaction time τ = 10 min.Compare and contrast the performance of each reactor type.
- An ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has an influent containing Chemical X at a concentration of 150 mg/l and a flow rate of 100 gpm (380 liters/min). Chemical X undergoes a first-order decay reaction having k = 0.40 hr –1 . Determine: 1a. The required detention time and volume of the CSTR if the effluent concentration contains 20 mg/l of Chemical X. Express the volume in both gallons and liters. 1b. Use a spreadsheet to perform the necessary calculations and then use the spreadsheet's graphing tools to plot two graphs; i. Pollutant removal efficiency, 1e, on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on the horizontal or x-axis. ii. Effluent concentration, CX1 , on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on horizontal or x-axis. Analyze and comment on the significance of the graphs. 1c. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to achieve 80 percent pollutant removal or conversion? 1d. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to…A completely mixed-flow reactor, operating at steady state, has an inflow of 4 L/min and an inflow "gloop" concentration of 400 mg/L. The volume is 60L; the reaction is zero-order. The gloop concentration in the reactor is 100 mg/L. a) What is the reaction rate constant? b) What is the hydraulic retention time? c) what is the outflow (effluent) gloop concentration?Q20. Calculate the first-order reaction rate constant in days for the given data. The number of CFSTRS in series are 5. The influent BODS is 160 g/m and final effluent BOD5 is 10 g/m. The hydraulic residence time of each reactor is 1 h. Determine the detention time of a PFR that will produce same effluent quality as that from the series of reactors.
- 6.10. A reactor that behaves as an ideal PFR is to be used to carry out a BOD removal reaction. The removal rate in the system is given approximately by k BOD, K + BOD BOD, where k = 0.12 g/m³.s K = 30 g/m³ BOD= 150 g/m² For a flow of 0.5 m³/s determine the reactor volume necessary to produce an effluent having 20 g/m² BOD,.4.15 A gas-condensate reservoir has an areal extent of 200 acres, an average thickness of 15 ft, an average porosity of 0.18, and an initial water saturation of 0.23. A PVT cell is used to simulate the production from the reservoir, and the following data are collected: Condensate Produced from Separator (moles) Wet Gas Pressure Produced (psia) (cc) Wet Gas 4000 (dew point) 3700 3300 0. 0.75 400 0.77 0.0003 450 0.81 0.0002 The initial cell volume was 1850 cc, and the initial gas contained 0.002 moles of condensate. The initial préssure is 4000 psia, and the reservoir temperature is 200°F. Calculate the amount of dry gas (SCF) and condensate (STB) recovered at 3300 psia from the reservoir. The molecular weight and specific gravity of the condensate are 145 and 0.8, respectively.(a) Sketch a conventional plug flow reactor and a plug flow reactor with tapered aeration that both use sludge recycle. (b) Underneath each, sketch graphs of DO, DO Uptake, S, and X, versus distance from the inlet of the reactor.