Please answer both parts of the question, thanks The first recombinant human growth hormone (available in 1985) had an extra amino acid(relative to human growth hormone).a. What was the extra amino acid and at what position on the protein was it located?b. What was the codon that was involved (name and sequence)?

Human growth hormone (hGH or HGH), commonly referred to as somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), is a…

Answered: The first recombinant human growth…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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a. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? b. If a single transversion occurs in a codon that specifies Phe, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? c. If a single transition occurs in a codon that specifies Leu, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence? d. If a single transversion occurs in a codon that specifies Leu, what amino acids can be specified by the mutated sequence?
a molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood-clotting protein. he knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the gene is gtggactgaca. briefly explain how to obtain the desired gene answer
DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. How many introns and exons are there in this gene? Explain your answer.
Shown below is a portion of a DNA sequence ( 31 base pairs long ) that encodes the last amino acids of a protein : The first three underlined base pairs indicate the frame and include the coding region . 123456789 A. Write the peptide sequence of the last 6 amino acids of the protein . Label both ends of the peptide . B. A insertion of one base pair causes the protein to decrease in length by 5 amino acids . With respect to the sequence given above , where does this insertion occur , and what base pair will you insert ? C. An change of one base pair leads to the protein to increase in length by one amino acid. With respect to the sequence given above , which base pair would you change ? How would you change this base pair for the protein to increase in length by one amino acid ?
DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. Identify and label the exons and introns in this hybridized structure.
Choose a pentapeptied composed of five different amino acids. List the five amino acids. Present the messenger RNA codons for the amino acids and the sequence of the nucleotids on the DNA that was originally coded for the pentapeptide.
What type of mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was substituted with C (Question C) ? Question C: Guanine nucleotide (G shown in red in the DNA sequence below) was substituted by C Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?)
The template strand of a segment of double-helical DNA contains the sequence – 5’-CTT-AAC-ACC-CCT-GAC-TTC-GCG-CCG-CAT-3’ a. What is the base sequence of the complementary strand of DNA? Indicate the 5’ and the 3’ ends. b. What is the base sequence of the mRNA that can be transcribed from this template DNA strand? Indicate the 5’ and the 3’ ends. c. What amino acid sequence can be coded by the mRNA in (b) starting from the 5’ end (or the N terminal amino acid)?
In the table below, there are four versions of gene A, one of which is normal, and the other three which contain mutations that make the gene product nonfunctional. Focus on the shaded region of the sequence. Use the genetic code table to answer the question. How would you describe Mutation #2? Partial DNA sequence for gene A ("..." indicates many nucleotides of sequence not shown) 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Normal Mutation #1 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG AAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #2 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG TAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Mutation #3 5' ... ATG GTG AGC AAG GAG CTG TTC ACC TGT AAA TAG ... Silent mutation Nonsense mutation Frameshift mutations Missense mútation
Consider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’ A) Transcribe and translate this gene using the genetic code table. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. B) Now, our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation. The mutant sequence is....3’ TAC-GAT-AGT-ACC-AAT-ATT 5’5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTA-TAA 3’ Transcribe and translate the mutant sequence. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. C) Indicate the type of mutation (nonsense, missense, silent, or frame shift) present. D) How severe of a consequence will this mutation likely be in terms of protein function (none, mild, moderate or severe)? Why?
The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution mutations (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are “silent,” in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?
Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'

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The first recombinant human growth hormone (available in 1985) had an extra amino acid (relative to human growth hormone). a. What was the extra amino acid and at what position on the protein was it located? b. What was the codon that was involved (name and sequence)?