The following graph represents the charge-discharge profile of a Li-ion battery in the 1st and 50th cycles, cycled at a rate of 0.1 C (1C = 274 mA h g-1 ) in the voltage range of 3.0 to 4.6 V. The battery is made up of LiCoO2 cathode and Li anode. Answer the following questions. a. What is the value of charge-discharge current density in this case? How long does it take for this battery to discharge from 4.6 V to 3.0 V in 50th cycle? b. Calculate Coulombic efficiency at 1st and 50th cycles. Why are these values different?

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Microscopic view of current

In physics, the term current is expressed as the rate of flow of electric charges across the area per unit time (I=q/t). It propagates along in the direction of the motion of positive charges. When the current is caused by the motion of electrons, the direction of the current is opposite to the flow.