The investment required to bring South Africa’s rail network back to its design specification was “huge” according to head of Transnet Portia Derby. She also mentioned that Transnet needed to re-establish or upgrade its track signalling and substations, among other items. All inclusive, track upgrading came with a price tag of almost R100-billion that needed to be spent over the next seven years. She noted, however, that cable theft was a significant challenge, not only for Transnet, but also for Eskom, Telkom and municipalities. In addition, Derby noted that Transnet recently started working with the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa to deal with the issue of cable theft. Meanwhile, Derby noted that, in South Africa, using rail for cargo transportation has fallen to about 3% of total cargo movements in the country. “I imagine that the same disastrous situation has also arisen in [the rest of the] SADC [region],” She pointed out, however, that rail gauge was not a big concern, stating that “we have the same gauge up to the Democratic Republic of Congo there are no issues around gauge. “There may be issues which make life really complicated, [such as] alternating current and direct current [for electric locomotives] . . . but [running] diesel is not really a problem [in that respect],” she said. The issue is that every country in the SADC region has, over time, underinvested in rail infrastructure. “So we all have significant speed restrictions, which means that rail is not as efficient as road. So there is a significant amount of work that we all need to do to get the track up to speed so that we can have genuine interoperability,” said Derby. In terms of the key instruments the DBSA is deploying to support government's strategy of placing infrastructure at the centre of reconstructing the economy, Nhleko said the obvious tool was the incubation of the Infrastructure Fund. Notwithstanding that fund, and over and above the traditional on-balance-sheet project finance instruments the DBSA has, its approach to infrastructure development instruments delves into three issues in a post-lockdown environment, he stated. “We have successfully raised €200 million in April and another R2-billion last October. This is an important part of the tools because if you do not have the funding it becomes difficult to get involved in funding infrastructure,” he said. The high-impact approach adopted by the DBSA focuses on funding innovative, complex infrastructure development processes. An example of this is high-risk infrastructure technologies, new initiatives which the DBSA has put in place, including pilot projects. “We have already dispersed R390-million in this regard. In the same space of high-impact [investing], we are also investing in development laboratories – development hubs that we set up in townships and rural areas to support skills development, enterprise development and to create market opportunities for the businesses,” said Nhleko. Distinguish between the main constraints and strengths of railroads as a mode of transport.
Critical Path Method
The critical path is the longest succession of tasks that has to be successfully completed to conclude a project entirely. The tasks involved in the sequence are called critical activities, as any task getting delayed will result in the whole project getting delayed. To determine the time duration of a project, the critical path has to be identified. The critical path method or CPM is used by project managers to evaluate the least amount of time required to finish each task with the least amount of delay.
Cost Analysis
The entire idea of cost of production or definition of production cost is applied corresponding or we can say that it is related to investment or money cost. Money cost or investment refers to any money expenditure which the firm or supplier or producer undertakes in purchasing or hiring factor of production or factor services.
Inventory Management
Inventory management is the process or system of handling all the goods that an organization owns. In simpler terms, inventory management deals with how a company orders, stores, and uses its goods.
Project Management
Project Management is all about management and optimum utilization of the resources in the best possible manner to develop the software as per the requirement of the client. Here the Project refers to the development of software to meet the end objective of the client by providing the required product or service within a specified Period of time and ensuring high quality. This can be done by managing all the available resources. In short, it can be defined as an application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet the objective of the Project. It is the duty of a Project Manager to achieve the objective of the Project as per the specifications given by the client.
The investment required to bring South Africa’s rail network back to its design specification was “huge” according to head of Transnet Portia Derby. She also mentioned that Transnet needed to re-establish or upgrade its track signalling and substations, among other items. All inclusive, track upgrading came with a price tag of almost R100-billion that needed to be spent over the next seven years. She noted, however, that cable theft was a significant challenge, not only for Transnet, but also for Eskom, Telkom and municipalities. In addition, Derby noted that Transnet recently started working with the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa to deal with the issue of cable theft. Meanwhile, Derby noted that, in South Africa, using rail for cargo transportation has fallen to about 3% of total cargo movements in the country. “I imagine that the same disastrous situation has also arisen in [the rest of the] SADC [region],” She pointed out, however, that rail gauge was not a big concern, stating that “we have the same gauge up to the Democratic Republic of Congo there are no issues around gauge. “There may be issues which make life really complicated, [such as] alternating current and direct current [for electric locomotives] . . . but [running] diesel is not really a problem [in that respect],” she said. The issue is that every country in the SADC region has, over time, underinvested in rail infrastructure. “So we all have significant speed restrictions, which means that rail is not as efficient as road. So there is a significant amount of work that we all need to do to get the track up to speed so that we can have genuine interoperability,” said Derby. In terms of the key instruments the DBSA is deploying to support government's strategy of placing infrastructure at the centre of reconstructing the economy, Nhleko said the obvious tool was the incubation of the Infrastructure Fund. Notwithstanding that fund, and over and above the traditional on-balance-sheet project finance instruments the DBSA has, its approach to infrastructure development instruments delves into three issues in a post-lockdown environment, he stated. “We have successfully raised €200 million in April and another R2-billion last October. This is an important part of the tools because if you do not have the funding it becomes difficult to get involved in funding infrastructure,” he said. The high-impact approach adopted by the DBSA focuses on funding innovative, complex infrastructure development processes. An example of this is high-risk infrastructure technologies, new initiatives which the DBSA has put in place, including pilot projects. “We have already dispersed R390-million in this regard. In the same space of high-impact [investing], we are also investing in development laboratories – development hubs that we set up in townships and rural areas to support skills development, enterprise development and to create market opportunities for the businesses,” said Nhleko.
Distinguish between the main constraints and strengths of railroads as a mode of transport.
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