The limit state equation for a particular failure mechanism is: Z = 50+ The variables have the following values: Variable X₁ X₂ X3 5X₁-4X2-2X3 + X4 Mean X₁ [12.25 15 10 15 5 s.d. The variables X1, X₂ and X3 are correlated and the covariance matrix is: X₁ X₂ X3 -5 2 X₂ -5 9-4 X3 2 -4 6.25 3.5 3.0 2.5 1.5 Determine the reliability index of the system: (i) assuming no correlation effects; and (ii) allowing for correlation.
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- The matrix that projects onto the line y = -x is X 0.6 0.8 0.8 -0.65.33 Refer to Exercise 5.27 and calculate the covariance between X and Y.We expect poorer countries (X=1) to grow faster (Y=1) than richer countries-the table below displays countries' relative incomes and growth rates. Poorer than average (X=1) Richer than average (X=0) Ten-year growth above Ten-year growth below average (Y=1) average (Y=0) 0.38 0.14 0.13 a) Find the covariance between the two variables. 0.35 b) Interpret in plain words the independence between X and Y. (up to 40 words)
- What is the formula for calculating the covariance between two variables X and Y?7. For the data given in Figure below, and Covariance matrix E= da (x, µ) is dm (y.μ) a. b. c. d. less than greater than equal to less than or equal to 8. For the data given in Figure below, and Covariance matrix I = 2 the Mahalanobis distance da (x, μ) is. du (y.μ) a. less than 69 the Mahalanobis distance b. greater than c. equal to d. less than or equal to 2 1 EL MA consultant's salary, captured by the random variable Y = B + X comes from a deterministic base B = 78 and a random bonus X. The bonus has mean E[X] = 16 and variance V[X] =240. What is the expected value of the total compensation E[Y]?
- Consider the following structural model: 31 Bo + B1y2 + B₂²1 +21 Suppose now that there are two exogenous variables excluded from the model: 22 and 23. The assumptions that 2₂ and 23 do not appear in the model and are uncorrelated with the error ₁ are known as The linear combination that is most highly correlated with y2 is given by the reduced form equation for y2: Y2 = πO +1Z1 +T2Z2 + N3Z3+V2 E(v2) = 0, Cov(21, v2) = 0, Cov(22, 2) = 0, and Cov(23, 12) = 0. overidentifying restrictions exclusion restrictions 2SLS rank conditionsQ1) Use a suitable Linearization to find the best fit of the formf (x) = Cx3 +2 for the %3D data: (1,-1), (2, 7), (3, 26.3).For a covariance matrix E2x2, assuming tr(E) = 3 and |E| = 2 and the output of PCA is [1,1]", what is £?