The primary purpose of the aconitase step in Citric Acid Cycle is to: form the intermediate aconitate O prepare the citrate molecule for oxidative decarboxylation act as a commitment and regulatory step produce isocitrate
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- In the citric acid cycle, the coenzyme NAD is required for which of the following reactions (Choose all that apply) O hydration of fumarate to malate O isomerization of citrate to isocitrate O oxidation of succinate to fumarate. O oxidation of isocitrate to the oxalosuccinate intermediate to permit beta decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarte to succinyl CoA O conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinatePerform a pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and a single turn of the citric acid cycle using an oxaloacetate molecule uniformly labeled with 18O and one pyruvate molecule uniformly labeled with 14C. Highlight the fate of all radioactively labeled atoms when complete.Which of the following are required to begin the citric acid cycle? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices pyruvate oxaloacetate Acetyl CoA glucose pyruvate dehydrogenase What are the 2 main types of mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in response to the state of the cell/organism? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices isomerization hydration allosteric regulation induced fit covalent modification Which of the following are likely to negatively regulate (decrease) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices High levels of ATP Increased PDH kinase activity Influx of Ca2+ ions Insulin signaling High levels of NADH
- Which of the following are true about the glyoxylate cycle? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices It cannot proceed if the citrate synthase enzyme has been inhibited It is highly active in human cancer cells It can only proceed if there are high rates of flux through glycolysis It involves 2 oxidative decarboxylations It can be used to produce 1 oxaloacetate from consumption of 2 acetyl CoA Which of the following correctly describes the regulation and activity of HIF-1? Group of answer choices VHL is required for preventing degradation of HIF-1alpha and promoting translocation to the nucleus In normoxia, HIF-1alpha is ubquitinated and degraded in the proteasome Hypoxic conditions result in increase hydroxylation of prolines in HIF-1alpha The primary function of HIF-1 is to phosphorylate and activate glycolytic enzymesgive five biological effects of disorders of the citric acid cycleThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, answering with only one option is incorrect. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4
- Classify each reaction or process as one that decreases or replenishes the pool of oxaloacetate available for the activity of the citric acid cycle. Assume the reactions proceed in the forward direction. Decreases the oxaloacetate pool Replenishes the oxaloacetate pool Answer Bank reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase reactions of gluconeogenesis reaction catalyzed by malic enzyme reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxylase reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylasematch the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all. Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below: carries O2 carries small carbon-containing molecules carries e- carries small nitrogen-containing molecules Cofactor Function NAD+/NADH FAD/FADH2 CoA thiamine biotinThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, please choose more than one. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4
- During Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except Reduction of isocitrate Reduction of NAD+ Decarboxylation of isocitrate Oxidation of isocitrateIdentify the primary catabolic purpose of the citric acid cycleAcetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH Citrate NAD Isocitrate Malate Funiarate NAD co NADH FADH, FAD a- Ketoghutarate Succinate co, NAD+ ATP Succinyl CuA NADH ADP - P For each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle? (see the figure above) а. 2 b. 4 с. 6 d. 0 е. 3