How many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram? The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase.KJ/molATP SynthaseE+AOP+PE(AOP.P.)E(ATP)E+ATPReaction CoordinateHow many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram?

A reaction coordination graph is a graphical representation of the free energy changes that occur…

Answered: The reaction coordinate diagram shown…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4P

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Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in the inner mitochondrialmembrane catalyzes the reaction NADH + NADP+ → NAD+ + NADPH to generate the NADPH needed for certain reactions that help destroy reactive oxygen species. (a) Explain why the NNT reaction cannot be driven primarily by the diff erence in substrate reduction potentials (Δℰ). (b) In fact, the NNT reaction is driven by proton translocation across the membrane (from outside to inside). How does operation of the transhydrogenase aff ect the effi ciency of oxidative phosphorylation?
The table shows standard reduction potentials, E., for reactions with n transferred electrons. Oxidant 02 +2H+ FAD Reductant n E. (V) H₂O 2 +0.82 FADH2 2 -0.22 Faraday's constant is 96.48 kJ mol-1 V-1. Electron transfer from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen generates a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from NADH result in more protons being pumped across to form the gradient than electrons from FADH2. Calculate the free energy change, AG", for the reduction of O2 with FADH2. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. AG° = kJ mol-1
(A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix, assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix? (Hint: Calculate AGO' for the reaction H"IMS > H matris using the relationship AG° = RTInKeg and remembering that pH = -log1o[H*]. Assume that T = 310K (37°C), and R = 8.315x10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Show your work and include correct units!)
The standard reduction potential for ubiquione (A or coenzyme Q) is .045 V, and the standard reduciton potential (E) for FAD is -0.219 V. Using these values, show that the oxidation for FADH2 by ubiquinone theoretically liberates enough energy to drive the synthesis of ATP. Faraday constant =96.48KJ/Vol delta G' standard for ATP Synthesis is +30.5 KJ/mol R=8.314 J/mol K=1.987 cal/mol K
The standard free energy variation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction is ΔGº’ = -30.5 kJ / mol ATP + H2O ⇄ ADP + Pi In red blood cells, when the concentration of Pi is 1.6 mM, the real change in energy free is ΔG = - 50'2 kJ / mol. a) Calculate under these conditions what is the ratio [ATP] / [ADP] in the red blood cells. b) Determine the equilibrium constant K 'of the reaction outlined above. c) If the ADP concentration were 0.2mM, what would be the effective concentration of ATP corresponding to equilibrium.
ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in- ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidic by 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside) (b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATP by coupling of the following reactions: ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis) 3Hinside)(proton transport) 3Houtside)
The AG of the reaction C6H12O6 + 60₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P₁ --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
a) Assuming that ubiquinone is unavailable inside of the cell, calculate the AG and the Keq if electrons are transferred directly from complex I to complex III of the electron transport chain. In your answer include the net equation for this electron transfer. Constants: R= 8.3J/degree'mol, F= 96.1kJ/volt mol, T=298K ( Half Reaction EM ubiquinone + 2e + 2H' Ubiquinol + H2 NAD + 2e+ 2H'→ NADH + H 0.045 -0.320 1/202 + 2e +2H H,O Cytc (Fe") + +le + 1H"→ Cytc (Fe²) 0.816 0.254 b) In a single sentence explain whether or not this electron transfer is possible. /
During electron transfer through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the overall reaction is NADH + 1/2O2 + H+ arrow forward NAD+ + H2O. The difference in reduction potentials for the two half reactions (delta E) is +1.14 V. Show how you would calculate the standard free energy change, delta G, for the reaction as written. (faraday constant is 96.48 kj/vmol: R=8.314j/mol K=1.987 cal/mol K
The AG of the reaction C6H1206+602 --> 6 CO2 + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Type your answer... rces K esc Q 7 c с 72 W #3 E 14 R LL Search or type URL % 65 T G A MacBook Pro 6 Y H & 7 U * 8 + - ( 9 J ၂ ။ K 0 ) 0 L P { + 11 } ] Submit delete return
A mutant version of DADH can use NADP+ as a cofactor for isopropanol oxidation. Velocity data was collected from reactions at a series of NADP+ concentrations. The following trendline was obtained for a Lineweaver-Burk plot of the data: y = 0.00007x + 0.0014 Note that the NADP+ substrate concentrations are in mM and the reaction velocity was measured in nmol/min. Calculate the Km and Vmax for DADH with this substrate. Show your work.
Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?

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The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase. KJ/mol ATP Synthase YE+ADP+P E(AOP.P.) E+ATP E(ATP) Reaction Coordinate How many steps are depicted in this reaction coordinate diagram?