The water–cement ratio is important because it influences all of the desirable qualities of concrete. a. Referring to Figure 6.10, which portion of water is used to calculate the water–cement ratio? b. What is a typical water–cement ratio for normal strength concrete? c.What is the water–cement ratio needed for hydration only when concrete is in the plastic state? d.Why is the extra water necessary? e.Briefly describe how super high strength concrete (fc′=15,000 psi) can be made.

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