There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once thought that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolved from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?

There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once thought that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolved from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter32: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates And Their Closest Relatives

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16TYK

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There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once though that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolve from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?
A) Would you conclude that the other primates are tasters or non-tasters? Why is this important? What role might the other differences between the species play in an evolutionary sense? Think of the role environment might play as well
5c) Do you believe that experiments might be useful in determining the adaptive function of the pecten, if it indeed serves an adaptive function? Outline a simple experiment to see whether the presence of a pecten in the bird eye is an adaptation.
All primates have two eyes that face forward. This includes humans. Having two eyes is an evolutionary advantage and provides binocular vision, which means that two eyes are involved in the visual process. One of the advantages of having two eyes is the ability to perceive depth. Depth perception is achieved by: a. analyzing the differences in the images falling on the left and right eyes b. allowing light rays to converge and project an upside down image on the retina c. the optic chiasm d. changing the shape of the lens to accommodate the distance of an object
Gould wrote his passage as a criticism of his fellow evolutionary biologists. Of the following statements about the human eye, which would those biologists agree with the most? A. The eye has lost its purpose and it's obsolete. B. The eye is a perfect fine-tuned machine well suited to its purpose. C. The eye has a use, but it was not evolved for that use.
4. Compare the overall body structure of the cave fish and the minnow below. cave fish minrow P. * a. What is the biggest, most obvious difference between the body structure of these two fish? b. Assume the two fish came from the same original ancestor. Why might the cave fish have evolved without eyesight? c. What kind of sensory adaptation would you hypothesize the cave fish has to allow it to navigate in a cave, including catching and eating food?
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in these species? Squamate reptiles Birds Rodents New World Baboons primates Click to view larger image. - Opain loss x Opain loss ▲▲▲▲ Tetrapod ancestor ▲▲▲ Humane +A Opin gain a. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in rodents and New World primates, and the light blue opsin is a symplesiomorphy in baboons and humans. b. The light blue opsin is a synapomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds, and the green opsin is an ancestral trait. OC. The purple opsin is an analogous trait, and the green opsin is a homologous trait. Od. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is symplesiomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds.
All primates have two eyes that face forward. This includes humans. Having two eyes is an evolutionary advantage and provides binocular vision, which means that two eyes are involved in the visual process. One of the advantages of having two eyes is the ability to perceive depth. Depth perception is achieved by?
Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear development
Eyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both: A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps. B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes. C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye. D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.
Evolutionary biologist Neil Shubin once said, "In one sense, evolution didn't invent anything new? It's using the old to make the new, and we call that tinkering." How does the concept of the evolution of the complex eye and the idea of exaptations support Dr. Shubin's statement? Explain and give an example.
1. Zoologists refer to morphological and genetic similarities in animals when investigating about their evolutionary relationships, describe how these two methods work and indicate their advantages and disadvantages (at least 2 for each method). 2. Aside from the principles of evolution, a study of the interactions of organisms with their environment is also significant in understanding Zoology. Give at least two significances of studying ecology in relation to understanding animals.