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- A Senator announces his past support for protectionism. “The U.S. trade deficit must be reduced, but import quotas only annoy our trading partners. If we subsidize U.S. exports instead, we can reduce the deficit by increasing our competitiveness.” Using a three-panel diagram from Chapter 19 in the Mankiw textbook, show the effects of an export subsidy on U.S. net exports, national saving, domestic investment, net capital outflows, the interest rate, and the real exchange rate. Do you agree with the senator?The cha pter notes that the rise in the U.S. tradede ficit during the I 980s was due largely to therise in the U.S. budget deficit. On the other hand,the popular press sometimes claims that theincreased trade deficit resulted from a decline inthe quality of U.S. produc ts relative to foreignproducts.a. Assume that U.S. products d id decline in rela tivequality during the 1980s. How did this affect netexports at any given exchange mte?b. Draw a three-panel diagram to show the effect ofthis shift in net exports on the U.S. real exchangerate and trade balance.c. Is the claim in the popular press consist,:,nt withthe model in this chapter? Docs a decline in thequality of U.S. products ha vc any effect on ourstandard of living? (Hin I: Wh,:,n we sell our goodsto foreigners, what do we receive in rcrurn?)What problem is most directly associated with a trade deficit? O fixed exchange rates O devaluation of a nation's currency O unemployment in import industries. O inflation
- Tariffs have mixed implications for citizens depending on their industry and position within it. Thepoor are disproportionally impacted by tariffs as they are considered economically regressive. amongthe arguments for trade barriers are job creation, protection against cheap foreign labor, fairness in trade, maintenance of the domestic standard of living, equalization of production costs, infant-industry argument, and various non-economic arguments. Tariff-related gains for America are a complex issue. Discuss the effective rate of tariff protection and the process of tariff escalation? Explain how a tariff affects the welfare of a small importing country and a large importingcountry?1._______ The total value of a nation’s exports minus thetotal value of its imports over some period of time.2._______ The ability to produce a specific product moreefficiently than any other nation.3._______ Selling and shipping raw materials or products toother nations.4._______ The ability to produce a specific product moreefficiently than any other product.5._______ All business activities that involve exchangesacross national boundaries.6._______ The total flow of money into a country minus thetotal flow of money out of that country over thesame period of time.7._______ A tax levied on a particular foreign product entering a country.8._______ A complete halt to trading with a particular nationor in a particular product.9._______ An international barter transaction.10. _______ An internationally supported bank that providesloans to developing countries to help them grow.a. countertradeb. foreign exchange controlc. multilateral development bank (MDB)d. absolute advantagee. import…Afake economy has a trade deficit of 500. imports of 800 and national savings of 2000. Investment in this country is 2500 1500 1200 1300
- When the nation of Ectenia opens itself to worldtrade in coffee beans, the domestic price of coffeebeans falls. Which of the following describes thesituation?a. Domestic production of coffee rises, and Ecteniabecomes a coffee importer.b. Domestic production of coffee rises, and Ecteniabecomes a coffee exporter.c. Domestic production of coffee falls, and Ecteniabecomes a coffee importer.d. Domestic production of coffee falls, and Ecteniabecomes a coffee exporter.(a) With the help of a graph, explain how the quantities of exports and imports of a country canbe determined in a two-country and two-goods world. (b) Explain with the help of a graph theeffect of an increase in the relative price of the exported good of a country on its welfare.Consider a small country that exports steel. Supposethat a “pro-trade” government decides to subsidizethe export of steel by paying a certain amount foreach ton sold abroad. How does this export subsidyaffect the domestic price of steel, the quantity ofsteel produced, the quantity of steel consumed, andthe quantity of steel exported? How does it affectconsumer surplus, producer surplus, governmentrevenue, and total surplus? Is it a good policy fromthe standpoint of economic efficiency? (Hint: Theanalysis of an export subsidy is similar to the analysisof a tariff.)
- What happens when a country's economy has a larger participation in foreign trade? It has an underlying trade imbalance. O It has a substantial trade imbalance. O It is more likely to suffer a larger trade imbalance. O It may measure its exports as a share of GDP.Consider a small country that exports steel. Suppose that a “pro-trade” government decides to subsidize the export of steel by paying a certain amount for each ton sold abroad. How does this export subsidy (similar to a tariff) affect the domestic price of steel, the quantity of steel produced, the quantity of steel consumed, and the quantity of steel exported? How does it affect consumer surplus, producer surplus, and government revenue? Is it is a good policy from the standpoint of economic efficiency?The balance of trade show a deficit of $5000 and the value of imports are $9000what is the value of export