Upon antigen exposure, antigen binding sites;. is the first antibody produced with is the second antibody produced with antigen binding sites, and the is the last antibody produced, which is most specific and has antigen binding sites O IgM; 10; IgA; 4; IgG; 2 O IgM; 10; IgD; 4; IgA; 2 IgM: 2; IgA: 2; IgG: 2 O IgG; 2; IgE; 4: IgM: 10
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- Some Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases have manifestations inmultiple different organs. Discuss how antibodies to one single antigen can cause damage inmultiple sites throughout the body. Things you might discuss include, but are not limited towhere the antigen could be expressed, how antibodies are made, how they bind antigen,where they circulate, the ratios of antigen to antibody, mechanisms of the immune systemthat result in cellular/tissue damage, or how immune system components can affect otherorgans. You might also comment on what makes one antigen an attractive target rather thananother. Please do NOT comment on all the things listed above, they are just to get youthinking. If you are having trouble getting started, it might help to think about a specificdisease which affects multiple organs.TABLE 6 | Correlation between immune markers and age. Marker NCI PAN LCI LP NK activity (lysis %) R Spearman -0.406 -0.305 -0.239 -0.204 -0.016 Р 0.004 0.035 0.101 0.165 0.913 NCI, Neutrophil Chemotaxis Index; PAN, phagocytic activity of neutrophils; LCI, Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Index; LP, lymphocyte proliferation; NK, natural killer. p is the associated value to the corresponding statistical test.eds Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) Objective 14 Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are glycoproteins secreted by plasma cells. They are located in interstitial fluid, plasma (gamma globulin fraction) and in body secretions. onse A. Antibody Structure Heavy chain Antigen-binding site Light chain Insmakamos Hinge region Complement- binding site Stem region Macrophage binding site OHO (a) Antibody molecule OHO X = Disulfide bond Carbohydrate four polypeptide chains (two heavy, two light) chains are held together by covalent disulfide bonds (S=S) each heavy chain and each light chain has two functional areas: consists of highly variable amino acid sequences which forms the basis of antibody specificity; antigen binds here ????? to more conserved amino acid sequences; there are five basic sequences of amino acids, which define the 5 antibody classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD); ????? each class has its own characteristic set of effector functions (see next page) Your notes: 4 40 4. 39
- 44. Which of the following is not true of the results of antigen-antibody binding? O Agglutination reducing the number of infectious particles to be phagocytosed Neutralization preventing toxins & viruses attaching to cellular receptors; and microbes from attaching via adhesins to mucosal surfaces Lysis (MAC), via activation by antibodies of all 5 immunoglobulin classes, of complement in the Classical pathway of complement activation, Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity permitting natural killer (NK) cells to recognize & kill antibody coated cells; & eosinophils to attack worms with attached IgE. All of the above are trueWhat are the different properties of an antigenEnumerate and discuss the concept of antigenicityIdentify and differentiate the different types of antigenWhat are the different properties of an antibodyDifferentiate the various types of antibodiesBased on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies, while millions of different “V” region domains in the variable part of the antibodies.
- Based on the five major classes of antibodies given below, which of the following is present on the membrane of naive B cells? Select all that may apply. O IgD O IgA O IgM O IgG O IgEMatch the antibody isotype with its functional characteristics. Highly effective at activating complement, too large to get to infected tissues Crosses cells, including the placenta, neutralizes toxins Dimeric form crosses the intestinal epithelia using PlgR Crosslinking on the surface of the mast cell leads to degranulation and release of histamine Although the exact function of this isotype is unknown, we know it does NOT fix complement ✓Choose... IgD IgM IgG IgA IgE Choose...A ‘B’ lymphocyte demonstrates ‘B cell receptors’ on its surface. These receptors have ‘variable’ regions which match the variable regions of the antibodies released by the plasma cell (formed by the activated B lymphocyte). Which of the following types of antibodies forms these ‘B cell receptors’ ? IgG IgA IgD IgE
- Examine Type IV hypersensitivities by completing each sentence. 54 Туре IV МНС I tuberculin Compared to Type III hypersensitivities, reactions primarily involve -cell activity. T allografts Type IV dysfunction is known as secondary antigen exposure. hypersensitivity for symptoms arise 1 to several days following contact dermatitis delayed One example, infectious allergy, occurs during the reaction in persons sensitized by tuberculosis Lysosome infection. xenografts GVHD which occurs after exposure to antigens in The most common delayed allergic reaction, however, is plant resins, drugs, or personal articles, and involves the production of inflammatory cytokines that cause blistering. Autografts В -mediated reactions, while Finally, host rejection of grafted tissue can occur due to occurs when passenger cells in the grafted tissue attack host cells. MHC II PsoriasisThe labels describe either a primary or secondary immune response. Drop each label into the appropriate box. Follows second and subsequent encounters with antigen Plasma antibody concentration. First exposure O Primary response IgM made first, then IgG Measurable antibody concentration in 5-10 days 10 20 Secondary response Antibodies produced for several weeks Measurable antibody concentration in 1-2 days 30 Follows first encounter with antigen Memory cells involved Subsequent exposure(s) 40 0 Days after exposure to antigen 10 Only IgG produced 20 30 40. Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more prevalent thanthose of the IgG class. Explain this and define the benefitsthis may have for the host.