Using Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) figure as your tool for analysis, show on the figure how international trade leads to an overall gain in social welfare
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- In Japan, one worker can make 5 tons of rubber or 80 radios. In Malaysia, one worker can make 10 tons of rubber or 40 radios. Who has the absolute advantage in the production of rubber or radios? How can you tell? Calculate the opportunity cost of producing 80 additional radios in Japan and in Malaysia. (Your calculation may involve fractions, which is fine,) Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of radios? Calculate the opportunity cost of producing 10 additional tons of rubber in Japan and in Malaysia. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing rubber? In this example, does each country have an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage in the same good? In what product should Japan specialize? In what product should Malaysia specialize?True or False: The source of comparative advantage must be natural elements like climate and mineral deposits. Explain.Under what conditions does comparative advantage lead to gains from trade?
- Table 33.15 shows how the average costs of production for semiconductors (the chips In computer memories) change as the quantity of semiconductors built at that factory increases. Based on these data, sketch a curve with quantity produced on the horizontal axis and average cost of production on the vertical axis. How does the curve illustrate economies of scale? If the equilibrium quantity of semiconductors demanded is 90,000, can this economy take full advantage of economies of scale? What about if quantity demanded is 70,000 semiconductors? 50,000 semiconductors? 30,000 semiconductors? Explain how international trade could make it possible for even a small economy to take full advantage of economies of scale, while also benefiting from competition and the variety offered by several producers.France and Tunisia both have Mediterranean climates that are excellent for producing/harvesting green beans and tomatoes. In France it takes two hours for each worker to harvest green beans and two hours to harvest a tomato. Tunisian workers need only one hour to harvest the tomatoes but four hours to harvest green beans. Assume there are only two workers, one in each country, and each works 40 hours a week. Draw a production possibilities frontier for each country. Hint: Remember the production possibility frontier is the maximum that all workers can produce at a unit of time which, in this problem, is a week. Identify which country has the absolute advantage in green beans and which country has the absolute advantage in tomatoes. Identity which country has the comparative advantage. How much would France have to give up In terms of tomatoes to gain from trade? How much would it have to give up in terms of green beans?Are the gains from international trade more likely to be relatively more important to large or small countries?
- In Germany it takes three workers to make one television and four workers to make one video camera. In Poland It takes six workers to make one television and 12 workers to make one video camera. Who has the absolute advantage in the production of televisions? Who has the absolute advantage in the production of video cameras? How can you tell? Calculate the opportunity cost of producing one additional television set in Germany and In Poland. (Your calculation may involve fractions, which Is tine.) Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of televisions? Calculate the opportunity cost of producing one video camera in Germany and in Poland. Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of video cameras? In this example, is absolute advantage the same as comparative advantage, or not? In what product should Germany specialize? In what product should Poland specialize?scenario Production Advantage and Opportunity CostsAssume there are two countries, the United States and France, and two goods, automobiles andcomputers.The table presented below shows the number of automobiles and computers that the United States andFrance can produce with the same amount of resources.United States FranceAutomobiles 120 100Computers 60 55Source: Pearson Education Inc. 1.1 Which country has an absolute advantage in computer production? Motivate your answer.1.2 Which country has a comparative advantage in the production of automobiles? Motivateyour answer. 1.3 Assume these countries trade with one another under the conditions of free trade. Whichcountry will specialise in the production of automobiles? Motivate your answer. 1.4 If free trade exists between the United States and France, what are the highest and lowestlevels for the price of an automobile (expressed in terms of computers)? Motivate youranswer by stating which level favours the United States and France.ee-trade benefits Ttion to the positive welfare effects that free trade has on an economy, there are a variety of other benefits of international trade ng scenario: Thout free trade, Sapphira has market power as a local producer. Once free trade is implemented in the local economy, Sapphira ger able to raise its prices above competitive levels. vious scer represents which of the following benefits of free trade? D An enhanced flow of ideas Increased variety of goods Increased competition Lower costs through economies of scale Grade It Now Sav
