What genetic changes madeus uniquely human? What furtheraspects of our recent evolutionarydevelopment can be reconstructedby sequencing DNA from remains ofancient hominids?
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A:
What genetic changes made
us uniquely human? What further
aspects of our recent evolutionary
development can be reconstructed
by sequencing DNA from remains of
ancient hominids?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees, whales). Do youexpect the mutations that occurred in the evolution oflimblessness to be in the coding or noncoding sequencesof toolkit genes? Why?What is both the physical and cultural evidence that Homo sapiens nenaderthalensis is an ancestral hominin to Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans)?If mutations such as those of the Ubx gene candrastically change morphology in a single step,why do most evolutionary biologists maintainthat modification of existing traits and the evolution of novel characters have generally proceeded by successive small steps?
- Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineageis significantly higher than in the human lineage. Theserate differences are apparent whether one looks at changesin nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are sub-ject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucle-otide sequences, which are not under obvious selectionpressure. Can you offer one or more possible explanationsfor the slower rate of evolutionary change in the humanlineage versus the rat lineage?Apart from the actual physical evolution of HOMININ, there has also been an evolution in the type and method of food intake of hominins from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus and Paranthropus (so together they are both Australopithecus), to Homo habilis to Homo erectus to Neanderthals and finally to Homo sapiens. Explain this by defining the difference using the groupings I mentioned.Describe and discuss the importance of at least three specific skeletal features (these can be either cranial or post-cranial) that are unique to early hominins, that distinguished them from the ancestors of modern chimpanzees in 150 words?
- . The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.If you as a paleoanthropologist are plannin an excavation at a hominin site in East Africa which is dated to about 2 million years old, which fossil hominin species might you expect to find?Define the concept of -"The Neanderthal Genome and Modern Humans".?
- What comparisons are made to support the theory of evolution of modern humans from extinct hominids?43. Which of the following recent fossil discoveries dating between 4.4 – 5.8 mya was clearly bipedal as reflected by features of the hip and thigh bone, but still had long, curved toes and an opposable big toe set off to the side (i.e., with a saddle joint like a thumb), leading human paleontologists to suggest that the fossil species is relatively close to our last common ancestor with other African apes? Orrorin tugenensis Archaic Homo sapiens Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo habilis Homo erectusEvolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil age