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what is the role HGF in pancreatic cancer?
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- Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is probably related in part to: a) Decreased advanced glycation end products b) Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells resulting in no insulin secretion c) Decreased beta cell mass d) Increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretionWhat is HbA1c? How does it differ from fasting blood glucose?Which of the following describes a feature of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? Question 15 options: a) It is usually an autoimmune disease b) The pancreas makes little or no insulin c) Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common complication d) The liver increases production of glucose
- How does insulin resistance lead to failure of the pancreatic β cells that results in type 2 diabetes?in regards to pancreatic cancer, what mechanisms fail at the cellular level that disrupts homeostasis?What is the role of counter-regulatory hormones in the regulation of blood glucose? Question 8 options: a) To inhibit glycogenolysis b) To inhibit hepatic glucose production c) To increase insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues d) To enhance gluconeogenesis
- Certain malignant tumors of the pancreas cause excessive production of insulin.Affected individuals exhibit shaking and trembling, weakness and fatigue, sweatingand hunger.a) What is the effect of hyperinsulinism on the metabolism of carbohydrates,amino acids, and lipids by the liver?b) What are the causes of the observed symptoms? Suggest why this condition, ifprolonged, leads to brain damage.How does insulin resistance lead to failure of the β cells of the pancreas that results in type 2 diabetes?What type of insulin is used for insulin pump therapy?a) Long-acting insulinb) Rapid-acting (u100) insulin
- What types of normal cells typicallyhave insulin receptors?MUC proteins are essential to establishing the ECM. Would MUC mutations to the ECM affect gastric and colorectal cancers more than lung or hepatic cancers?The pathophysiology of chronic diabetic complications is related to which process? Question 65 options: a) Oxidative stress and ROS have a limited role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus b) Sorbitol and fructose are products of the polyol pathway that accumulate and reduce intracellular osmotic pressure causing cellular injury c) AGEs are formed by the irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids d) The hexosamine pathway causes pathologic changes in gene expression associated with increased insulin activity and improved cardiovascular health