Which of the following forces can de-stabilize a population, resulting in a unstable equilibrium? a. short time lags in birth rates or death rates b. inverse density dependence c. density-dependent natality d. moderate competition e. density-dependent mortality
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Which of the following forces can de-stabilize a population, resulting in a unstable equilibrium?
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- When the of in = do + aN how do we the effects of "a" in this model? Choose at least one correct answer the negative effects of density on per capita birth rates B the density dependent per capita death rate the density independent per capita death rate the density independent growth rate the negative effects of density on per capita death rates E. Dinerent species feed on the nectar from flowers. One interesting example is the case in which bees and moths use the same food resources, but bees gather nectar by day while moths gather nectar by night. This pattern is a good example of: 125 Choose at least one correct answer A commensalism B. niche partitioning C competitive exclusion D intraspecific competition mutualismWhich statement about environmental stochasticity is true? O A. Environmental stochasticity places grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park at risk for extinction despite the average positive growth rate of this population. O B. There is no fundamental difference between environmental stochasticity and demographic stochasticity. O C. In a situation of environmental stochasticity, the underlying birth and death rates of individuals are constant across years. D. All of the above E. None of the aboveA researcher decides to try to incorporate stochasticity by changing carrying capacity (K) in the logistic model over time. This would be best considered а. Noise O b. Demographic heterogeneity С. This is not stochasticity O d. Demographic stochasticity O e. Environmental stochasticity
- The following pattern(s) of population dynamics is(are) produced from the Lotka- Volterra model assuming exponential increase in the prey population in the absence of predators, and exponential decline in the predator population in the absence of prey. а. Stable cycles b. Chaos O c. Equilibrium O d. Damped Oscillations O e. More than one of the above is possibleWhich of the following accurately describes a trophic cascade? a. Sunflower stars, as a primary predator within Northern California bull kelp forests, have an indirect positive impact on the sea urchin's main prey, the bull kelp. b. Sunflower stars, as a primary predator within Northern California bull kelp forests, have an direct positive impact on the sea urchin's main prey, the bull kelp. c. Sunflower stars prey directly on kelp and keep kelp populations in check. d. The presence of Pisaster sea stars benefits Mytilus mussels, a primary producer.Which of the following would not be an example of density-deperident factors regulating population size? The number of possible territories for robins is limited; thus when population sizes are high, a lower proportion of individuals can produce offspring. A. O B. In conditions of overcrowding, some desert pupfish living in ponds will emigrate to other ponds if given the opportunity. C.Predation on mosquitofish is high, regardless of population size. D. In conditions of high density, mice are more susceptible to mortality from heat stress. E. In a habitat patch with a high density of muskrats, a disease spreads more rapidly and results in higher mortality.
- stochasticity is a result of I temporal variation in demographic rates O a. demographic O b. environmental and demographic C. sex-bias O d. environmentalMonarch butterflies are a migratory species that flies south once during the lifetime of an individual. One specific population flies to Cuba, where it encounters and shares habitat with resident monarchs that do not migrate and stay within Cuba their entire lifespan. The table shows comparisons between the two populations. What data indicate the greatest difference between the populations? A. Male to female ratioB. Difference in wing sizeC. Higher mean weightD . Average of wing angleWhich of the following is a plausible consequence of delayed density dependence in a population that would otherwise have logistic growth? A. Increased environmental stochasticity B. Dampened oscillations C. Population cycles D.Both B and C E. None of the above result from delayed density dependence
- Which of the following is best at showing the life expectancy of an individual within a population? a. quadrat b. mark and recapture c. survivorship curve d. life tableBelow is a table that shows the changes in a population of domesticated rabbits. What is the most likely explanation for why size of the rabbit population remained relatively constant from 1990-1992? Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Population 601 732 769 800 816 815 816 O a. The population suffered from a new disease O b. A new predator was introduced c. The rabbit's prey source was killed off due to hunting o d. The population reached its carrying capacityDescribe the difference between density-dependent and density-independent effects on populations.