Which three reactions in glycolysis are tightly regulated? O hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase O PFK, hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase O triose phosphatase, hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase none of the above
Q: Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? O a) Pyruvate…
A: Proper anaerobic conditions allow lactate to be produced from pyruvate. In the aerobic conditions,…
Q: Do coenzymes exist for these enzymes if so what could they be? a. pyruvate kinase…
A: Nonprotein components that facilitate the functioning of an enzyme are referred to as coenzymes.…
Q: By beta oxidation, fat is converted to acetyl CoA, then acetyl CoA enters Select one: O A.…
A: Beta-oxidation It is defined as the catabolic process through which the molecules of the fatty acid…
Q: To kick off the actual Krebs cycle, combines with and citric acid is formed. water, succinic acid…
A: The citric acid cycle, otherwise called the Krebs cycle or the Krebs cycle, is at the focal point of…
Q: :Acetyl CoA produced from pyruvate occurs in the cytosol. not depends on the coenzyme biotin. is…
A: The process of glycolysis yields pyruvate from the glucose by various step reactions using the…
Q: Which of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a)…
A: Glycolysis is a pathway which breaks down the glucose (6C) into pyruvate (3C) and generates energy.…
Q: Which of the following events occurs during the energy-payoff phase of glycolysis? One carbon of…
A: (According to our guidelines, we are required to answer the first question unless a particular…
Q: Name three enzymes of glycolysis that produce NADH, the first ATP, and the last ATP, in that order.…
A: Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration in which one molecule of glucose is converted…
Q: Regarding pathways that feed glycolysis, which of the following statements is false? Mannose is also…
A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - Fructose is phosphorylated by hexokinase in muscle cells.
Q: which enzyme uses ATP to phosphorylate a substrate during gluconeogenesis? -Hexokinase -…
A: Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain…
Q: Which reactions in the payoff phase of glycolysis are exergonic at standard conditions? O…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway where one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of…
Q: When 1 mole of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to 2 moles of pyruvate via the glycolysis…
A: Hexokinase or glucokinase uses ATP and a phosphate molecule to transform glucose to…
Q: Which of the following correctly describes ATP usage in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis? O ATP is…
A: The metabolic pathway can be defined as the combination of chemical reactions occurring in a…
Q: The number of CO2 molecules liberated for each molecule of acetyl-CoA during oxidative…
A: Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle is the oxidative or aerobic part of respiration. This cycle…
Q: Which reactions in the first phase of glycolysis are endergonic at standard conditions?…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway where one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of…
Q: Glycolysis includes all of these events except: A) Hydrolysis of thioesters B) Phosphoryl group…
A: Option A: Thioesters hydrolysis in glycolysis: Thioesters are nothing but esters with one or both…
Q: The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle ofreactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and…
A: Introduction Krebs cycle is also known as the TCA cycle, TCA stands for tricarboxylic acid. All…
Q: What is the process that sustains the redox balance of glycolysis under aerobic conditions?…
A: Glycolysis is a sequence of reactions that remove glucose energy by separating it into two…
Q: What is the net ATP produced by glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
A: A metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants,…
Q: Which of the following enzymes is present in mitochondria? O Acid phosphatases O Pyruvate…
A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles which are involved in the generation of energy…
Q: Reaction 10 of glycolysis involves the generation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). ATP is…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in our body which generates pyruvic acid from glucose . The…
Q: Which enzyme uses ATP to phosphorylate a substrate during glycolysis?
A: The process of breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate is termed…
Q: During glycolysis, the major energy generating step involves: pyruvate kinase…
A: Glycolysis is the primary metabolic reaction occurring in living cells that helps to break the…
Q: Define glycolysis and explain its input and output, its basic steps, andhow it is linked to the…
A: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation are three essential stages of cellular…
Q: If (1-1C)-glucose is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 via glycolysis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Glucose is metabolized into the pyruvate and through the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex and…
Q: During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and…
A: Glycolysis and TCA cycle are metabolic pathways in the cell. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose…
Q: Which reactions in the payoff phase of glycolysis are endergonic at standard conditions? O…
A: Glycolysis is the first phase of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration which converts one molecule…
Q: What is the end product of glycolysis?a) Glucoseb) Citratec) Oxaloacetated) a -Ketoglutaratee)…
A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose, along with production of ATP. The enzymes of this pathway are…
Q: a) Hexokinase (HK), phoshofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase are three regulatory enzymes that…
A: The glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration that involves production of pyruvate from…
Q: A series of chemical reactions convert a polypeptide into 13 acetyl CoAs. This acetyl COA goes into…
A: Acetyl-CoA is generated during the catabolism of amino acids.
Q: What is the name of the enzyme? 1. A) pyruvate dehydrogenase NADH + H* NAD* B) pyruvate kinase Ć=0…
A: Enzymes refer to a protein that aids in the conversion of reactants to form products. They decrease…
Q: What process does the final 3-carbon product of beta oxidation of an odd-numbered fatty acyl-CoA…
A: Fatty acids are degraded through the beta-oxidation that occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix.…
Q: Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated, determine how each of the following…
A: Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated. In glycolysis, 1. High AMP…
Q: The most regulated enzyme in glycolysis is a Hexokinase b G3P Dehydrogenase c Pyruvate…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway during which glucose molecule splits into pyruvate molecules with…
Q: If the fatty acid 14:1A7 is completely catabolized to CO2 and H20, what would be: a. number of…
A: Beta-oxidation is a process where the fatty acids are metabolized to make energy. It is a catabolic…
Q: In glycolysis, pyruvate kinase produces what high energy product and what low energy product?
A: Glycolysis is a pathway in which the Glucose (C6) is broken down into a 3 carbon product i.e. 2…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. dihydrolipoyl…
A: PDC is a multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA during…
Q: Select which of the following enzymes unique to glycolysis are also sites of regulation for…
A: Glycolysis is also known as Embden-Meyerhof pathway. It occurs in cytosol and converts glucose into…
Q: There are two different phosphofructokinase enzymes, PFK and PFK2. Which makes a product that goes…
A: The glucose that we consume is broken down to its final product pyruvate in aerobic conditions and…
Q: Inhibiting which of the following enzymes will block gluconeogenesis but not glycolysis?
A: In glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose molecules generates two net adenosine triphosphate (ATP)…
Q: Put these steps in erder in glycolysis phosphohexose isomerase pyruvate kinase hexokinase biose…
A: Glycolysis is also known as the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway. It is the first step of…
Q: If 1 mol of a fatty acyl-CoA containing 15 carbon atoms undergoes only four rounds of b-oxidation,…
A: Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol…
Q: The stage of aerobic respiration that produces the maximum number of ATP is glycolysis oxidative…
A: A chemical reaction in which oxygen is used to convert carbohydrates into energy (sugars). Aerobic…
Q: Which citric acid cycle enzyme utilizes a similar reaction mechanism to pyruvate dehydrogenase? O…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of biochemical reactions by lowering the…
Q: Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the MOST regulated and rate limiting reaction in cellular…
A: Cellular respiration is considered as the necessary part of life, which involves the production of…
Q: Which glycolysis reactions are catalyzed by the following enzymes?(a) Pyruvate kinase(b)…
A: Glycolysis is the process, during which glucose molecule is converted into molecules of pyruvate.
Q: Are the following up or down regulation of phosphorylation? (Note: It assumes that the enzymes were…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm in the presence or absence of oxygen.…
Q: In the complete oxidation of glucose, six CO2 molecules are formed per glucose molecule. The number…
A: Cellular respiration is the process of metabolism of glucose to derive energy for survival.…
Q: Glycolysis produces_____and_______through oxidizing_____ and ____ choose from the following:…
A: Glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm. Common phase for aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It involves a…
Q: glycolysis : phosphofructokinase-1 : pentose phosphate pathway : O acetyl CoA carboxylase O glucose…
A: A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in cells of a living body. These…
Can someone help with this question?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- The standard free energy change for this reaction in the direction written is +23.8 kuimol. The tabie shows the concentrations of the three intermediates in the hepatocyte of a mammal. Intermediate Concentration (M) Fructose 1.0-bisphosphate 0.000028 Gyoeraldehyde 3phosphate 0.0000068 Ditydroxyacetone phosphate 0.000032 At body temperature (37 "C). what is the actual free energy change for the reaction (in kimol) ?The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose: Pi + glucose → glucose-6-phosphate + H2O This is a thermodynamically unfavorable process, with ∆G°′ = +13.8 kJ/mol. (a) In a liver cell at 37 °C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What would be the equilibrium concentration of glucose-6-phosphate, according to the above data? (b) This very low concentration of the desired product would be unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis to give the overall reaction ATP + glucose → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + H+ What is ∆G°′ for the coupled reaction? (c) If, in addition to the constraints on glucose concentration listed previously, we have in the liver cell ATP concentration = 3 mM and ADP concentration = 1 mM, what is the theoretical concentration of glucose6-phosphate at equilibrium at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C? The answer…In the third step of glycolysis, the given reactions are coupled. reaction 1: fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⟶ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H2O (Δ? = −28 kJ/mol) reaction 2: ATP + H2O ⟶ ADP + Pi (Δ? = +13.8 kJ/mol) Calculate the overall ΔG (kJ/mol) for the coupled reaction.
- The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate: P₁+ glucose glucose 6-phosphate + H₂O This is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction, with AG° = +13.8 kJ/mol. a) In a liver cell at 37°C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. What is the equilibrium concentration of glucose 6- phosphate, according to the above reaction? b) This very low concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP: ATP + H₂O2 ADP + P₁ +H* AG°¹ = -32.2 kJ/mol Write the expression for the overall reaction and calculate AG°¹. c) In addition to the glucose and phosphate concentrations listed in part (a) above, assume that the liver cell concentrations of ATP and ADP are 3 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Calculate the theoretical equilibrium concentration of glucose 6-phosphate at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. C ZOOM +The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and gluconcogenesis that interconvert these two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions, [ATP] = [ADP] and [Pi] =1 mM. Consider the following glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase: ATP + glucose = AG' = -16.7 kJ/mol ADP + glucose-6-phosphate (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298 K, and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/[glucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermody- namically favorable. (b) The reverse of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase: glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 = glucose + P, AGr = -13.8 kJ/mol K= 262 for this reaction. Calculate the maximum ratio of [glucose]/ [glucose-6-phosphate] that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermodynamically favorable. (c) Under what cellular conditions would both directions in the…Coupled reactions occur where a nonspontaneous reaction is enabled by coupling it to a spontaneous reaction. This approach is common in biological settings. Determine if ATP could be generated by this biochemical reaction. You have calculated that cell potential is +0.637V. An example of a coupled reaction is the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate shown below. kJ/mol The net AG° for this reaction is 1 2 3 н он H. H- H- H H H H 4 6. H. glucose phosphate anion glucose-6-phosphate AG = +14.0 kJ/mol 7 8 9. АТР ADP phosphate anion AG = -30.5 kJ/mol +/- LO
- The first reaction in Glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Glucose: Pi + Glucose - Glucose 6-Phosphate + water This is a thermodynamically unfavorable process with a AG,' = +13.8 kJ/mol. In a liver cell at 37°c the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 0.005 M each. What would be the equilibrium concentration of Glucose 6-Phosphate according to the above data? Note: In the biochemical standard state [H2O] = 1.0 Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 0.00000012 0.0000025 0.00000025 0.00474 e 0.005 1.0 0.1 h 0.25 i 2.4The first reaction in Glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Glucose:Pi + Glucose → Glucose 6-Phosphate + waterThis is a thermodynamically unfavorable process with a ∆G0’ = +13.8 kJ/mol. In a liver cell at370C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 0.005 M each. What would be the equilibrium concentration of Glucose 6-Phosphate according to the above data? Note: In the biochemical standard state [H2O] = 1.0 a. 0.00000012 b. 0.0000025 c. 0.00000025 d. 0.00474 e. 0.005 f. 1.0 g. 0.1 h. 0.25 i. 2.4The first reaction in Glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Glucose:Pi + Glucose → Glucose 6-Phosphate + waterThis is a thermodynamically unfavorable process with a ∆G0’ = +13.8 kJ/mol. In a liver cell at370C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 0.005 M each. What would be the equilibrium concentration of Glucose 6-Phosphate according to the above data? Note: In the biochemical standard state [H2O] = 1.0 (this will help with the question below) When the reaction described in question number 3 is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP the equilibrium concentration of Glucose 6-Phosphate goes to: a. 10.5 b. 350 c. 3000 d. 77 e. 4.5 f. 55 g. 550 h. 652 i. 1120
- The following nutrient molecule is digested and transported to a cell where it undergoes further catabolism: HO HO он OH HO- OH OH OH In the table below, list the important products of the complete glycolysis of this molecule. • In the first column of the table, write the chemical formula, name, or standard biochemical symbol for a product molecule. In the second column, write the total number of these molecules produced. Add Row • Only list the important products, including (1) molecules with any of the carbon atoms originally in the molecule above, (2) energy storage molecules (like ATP), and (3) any newly oxidized or reduced coenzymes. • List each product molecule on a separate row. You can add more rows to the table if you need them. • Be sure you write the number of product molecules formed by the complete glycolysis of the molecule above. • If the molecules does not undergo glycolysis at all, check the box under the table and leave the table blank. product (name, chemical…Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) GlucoseThe ΔG of the following reaction is –2.8 kcal/mol: acetyl phosphate + ADP ↔ acetate + ATP Is ADP greater than, lesser than, or equal to acetate in its affinity for phosphate? If there were no fermentation when molecular oxygen is unavailable (anaerobic respiration), how would this affect glycolysis? Briefly explain your answer.