Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infect cells of invertebrates. Surveys have found that up to afifth of insect species have at least some individuals infected with Wolbachia. Pathogen orparasite? This endosymbiont (a symbiont that lives inside its host) bacteria can have many effectson its host, including killing offspring and changing the sex of offspring.Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne in Australia, Michael Turelli from the University ofCalifornia at Davis, and their associates have been studying Wolbachia infections in populations ofDrosophila simulans from California. From the initial infection around 1980, Wolbachia infectionspread northward across the state during the 1980s and 1990s. The most striking manifestation ofinfection in this fly species is cytoplasmic incompatibility: offspring produced in crosses wheremales are infected and the females are uninfected tend to die early in development. In crossesbetween infected males and infected females, the offspring develop normally. Females transmit theWolbachia to nearly all of their offspring. In the lab, infected lines of flies can be made uninfectedby treating them with an antibiotic.Of interest in the current study is the effect of the Wolbachia infection on female fecundity.Female flies in the 1980s infected with Wolbachia showed a noticeable decrease in fecundity whencompared to uninfected females, and in this aspect the bacteria acted as a parasite. The studyasked in the last 20 years (equivalent to about 200 generations for the flies), has this relationshipevolved from host-parasite into a commensalism or even a mutualism?To address that question, the researchers examined flies that had been caught in the wild duringthe 1980s and raised in the lab since that time, as well as flies collected more recently. For both ofthese groups of flies, they measured the fecundity of females, both infected and uninfected, byallowing them to mate with males of the same infection state and lay eggs.Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow.15 day fecundity400350300250200150100TTr Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow.400350300250200150100500R112pt ✓R3R10 R11Paragraph ✓Figure 1 The fecundity (the mean number of offspring produced during 5 days of egg laying) byinfected (black) and uninfected (white) lines. Riv1988 line was collected in 1988; the other lineswere collected in 2002. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences at p < 0.05.Edit View Insert Format Tools TableQUESTIONSA. What is the effect of Wolbachia infection on the flies of the Riv1988 line?B. Based on the female fecundity data alone, is Wolbachia behaving as a mutualist, a commensual,or a parasite in the Riv1988 line?C. What is the effect of Wolbachia infection on the flies from the lines collected in 2002?D. Based on the female fecundity data alone, is Wolbachia behaving as a mutualist, a commensual,or a parasite in the R10 line?R12 R16Line| BI U ΑνR24 A:25 Alv1988Q✓ T² v:

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infects cells of invertebrates, impacting nearly a fifth of…

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infect cells of invertebrates. Surveys have found that up to a fifth of insect species have at least some individuals infected with Wolbachia. Pathogen or parasite? This endosymbiont (a symbiont that lives inside its host) bacteria can have many effects on its host, including killing offspring and changing the sex of offspring. Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne in Australia, Michael Turelli from the University of California at Davis, and their associates have been studying Wolbachia infections in populations of Drosophila simulans from California. From the initial infection around 1980, Wolbachia infection spread northward across the state during the 1980s and 1990s. The most striking manifestation of infection in this fly species is cytoplasmic incompatibility: offspring produced in crosses where males are infected and the females are uninfected tend to die early in development. In crosses between infected males and infected females the offspring develop normally Females transmit the

Wolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infect cells of invertebrates. Surveys have found that up to a fifth of insect species have at least some individuals infected with Wolbachia. Pathogen or parasite? This endosymbiont (a symbiont that lives inside its host) bacteria can have many effects on its host, including killing offspring and changing the sex of offspring. Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne in Australia, Michael Turelli from the University of California at Davis, and their associates have been studying Wolbachia infections in populations of Drosophila simulans from California. From the initial infection around 1980, Wolbachia infection spread northward across the state during the 1980s and 1990s. The most striking manifestation of infection in this fly species is cytoplasmic incompatibility: offspring produced in crosses where males are infected and the females are uninfected tend to die early in development. In crosses between infected males and infected females the offspring develop normally Females transmit the

Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305964792

Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Publisher:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Chapter42: Basic Microbiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5CR

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* 0O 100 v Ao you would use to identify this species (what features would you use personally to ID). ^タヘ三臣ヘ= 5. View the protists blood parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Plasmodium vivax). Which of these species is more likely to cause the most human issues (in terms of number of people with the disease)? What is one of the most likely ways to keep from being infected by any of these blood parasites? Explain. 6. What are slime molds? 7. Identify the organisms below. Next to each name you ID the organism as, give 2 features that helped you come to that determination. Name of organism: a. Features used to ID: 771 words English (U.S.) Text Predictions: On DEOL 8. ca上門后 MacBook Air 71 64 000 F4 F5 F6 F8 F2 F3 23 2$ 5. 6. 4. R.
Number of Bacteria X Temperature (°C) At the After 1 After 2 After 3 beginning day days days 6. 8. 12 15 48 187 15 27 126 678 (a) What is the relationship between the temperature and the rate at which the Bacteria X reproduces? (b) When the number of Bacteria X increases, it causes food to turn bad and cannot be eaten. Based on the results above, what can Rose do to preserve food for a longer period of time? Explain your answer.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Rubella is also known as Exanthem subitum * FIRST statement is TRUE; SECOND statement is FALSE BOTH Statements are TRUE FIRST statement is FALSE; SECOND statement is TRUE BOTH statements are FALSE
The group Diplomonadida is characterized by: a. a mouthlike gullet and hairlike surface. Paramecium is anexample. b. flagella and a lack of mitochondria. Giardia is an example. c. nonmotility, parasitism, and sporelike infective stages. Toxoplasma is an example. d. switching between autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles. Euglena is an example. e. large protein deposits and movement by two flagella, which are part of an undulating membrane. Trypanosoma is an example.
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?
Which of the following is a pyrimidine (one type of nitrogenous base) that is commonly found in all DNA molecules, but is not commonly found in all RNA molecules? adenosine cytidine thymine guanine uracil If retroviruses like HIV follow the historical pattern of a parasite adapting to a new host species (like syphilis in Europe over the past 500 years), then rapid virulence initially would likely be followed by: increasing virulence of the parasite, and decreasing resistance of the host increasing virulence of the parasite, and increasing resistance of the host decreasing virulence of the parasite, and decreasing resistance of the host decreasing virulence of the parasite, and increasing resistance of the host all of the above outcomes would be equally likely
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The organism on the picture below infects: Ces O Muscle O Blood O Intestinal tract O Lungs
Below are statements about symbiosis. Choose the correct responses. ( Only pick one answer per [ ] ) ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when two organisms both benefit from a relationship. One example of this you will view is lab is ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] . ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits, while the second organism is not harmed, and does not benefit. ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits while the second organism is harmed. In lab you will explore ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] as an example of this relationship.
Which organism is least likely to cause disease? bacteria protozoa algae parasitic worms viruses
Which of the following can be pathogens? (choose all that apply) Viruses Protists Parasitic worms Fungi Bacteria