Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in addition to the one that was used in this experiment? Explain WHY or WHY NOT?see attached diagram. cytochalasin BKilled bacteria + cytochalasin Bkilled bacteriaLive bacteriaNo treatment0III.204060Amount of IL-2 Produced (mg)The graph shown above shows data generated byexposing TLR-XX-expressing macrophages toGram negative bacteria (Staph. sp.) that possesslipopolysaccharides (LPS) on their surface. Thesebacteria have been inactivated (killed) by heattreatment or added alive. These experimentaltreatments were performed in the presence orabsence of cytochalasin B, which is a chemicalthat prevents phagocytosis. Note that TLR-X +hypothetical tool-like receptor.

TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of…

Answered: Would you predict that TLR-XX is able…

Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in addition to the one that was used in this experiment? Explain WHY or WHY NOT?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RE

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Concept explainers

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.

Question

Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in addition to the one that was used in this experiment? Explain WHY or WHY NOT?
see attached diagram.

cytochalasin B
Killed bacteria + cytochalasin B
killed bacteria
Live bacteria
No treatment
0
III.
20
40
60
Amount of IL-2 Produced (mg)
The graph shown above shows data generated by
exposing TLR-XX-expressing macrophages to
Gram negative bacteria (Staph. sp.) that possess
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on their surface. These
bacteria have been inactivated (killed) by heat
treatment or added alive. These experimental
treatments were performed in the presence or
absence of cytochalasin B, which is a chemical
that prevents phagocytosis. Note that TLR-X +
hypothetical tool-like receptor.

Expert Solution

Introduction:

TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of bacterial pathogens.
TLRs detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on bacteria's surfaces and initiate an immune response.
TLRs are found on a variety of immune cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages.
When TLRs are activated, cytokines and other signalling molecules are produced, which aid in the infection's removal.

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