Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15.3, Problem 1CC
WHAT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in Figure 15.13 coded for a protein that promotes cell division in a multicellular organism. What would happen if a mutation disabled the gene for the miRNA that triggers this degradation?
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Describe the main events that occur after transcription to generate a mature mRNA and ensure its correct localisation in the cell. Please include splicing, 5' and 3' modifications, RNA export from the nucleus, and how some mRNAs are localised within the cytoplasm.
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Q34. mRNA decay (breakdown) can play an important role in controlling protein abundance.
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes a relationship between mRNA decay and protein abundance?
A. A decrease in transcription with an increase in the rate of mRNA decay can result in increased protein abundance.
B. An increase in transcription with an increase in the rate of mRNA decay can result in no change in protein abundance.
C. An increase rate of protein synthesis but failure to form an apoprotein can be explained by a decrease in mRNA decay.
D. None of the above
Q1: How many codons code for isoleucine? For tryptophan? For leucine? Q2: What codons are associated with asparagine? With serine? Q3: From the partial mRNA sequence that you specified in Figure 10.6’s question 3 as being transcribed from the DNA template strand, remove only the first A. What amino acid sequence would be translated as a result of this change? How does that sequence compare to the amino acid sequence you translated from the original mRNA sequence?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 15.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to its...Ch. 15.1 - Describe the binding of RNA polymerase,...Ch. 15.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in Figure...Ch. 15.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the X...Ch. 15.4 - Describe the role of complementary base pairing...Ch. 15.4 - WHAT IF? Study the microarray in Figure 15.17. If...
Ch. 15 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 15 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of A. a...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - Which of the following would not be true of cDNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 15 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Imagine you want to study one...Ch. 15 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DNA sequences can act as tape...Ch. 15 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100150...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11TYU
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- E32. In the technique of DNase I footprinting, the binding of a protein to a region of DNA protects that region from digestion by DNase I by blocking the ability of DNase I to gain access to the DNA. In the DNase I footprinting experiment shown here, a researcher began with a sample of cloned DNA 400 bp in length. This DNA contained a eukaryotic promoter for RNA polymerase II. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at the core promoter is described in Chapter 12 (see Figure 12.14). For the sample loaded in lane 1, no proteins were added. For the sample loaded in lane 2, the 400-bp fragment was mixed with RNA polymerase II plus TFIID and TFIIB. 2 400 350 250 175 50 Which region of this 400-bp fragment of DNA is bound by RNA polymerase II and TFIID and TFIIB? || III ||| | ||||arrow_forwardE27. A cloned gene fragment contains a regulatory element that is recog- nized by a regulatory transcription factor. Previous experiments have shown that the presence of a hormone results in transcriptional acti- vation by this transcription factor. To study this effect, you conduct a electrophoretic mobility shift assay and obtain the following results: Tube: 1 2 3 Transcription factor: Hormone: Explain the action of the hormone.arrow_forwardA scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of elF-2 alter translation? Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with itiRNA transcripts tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon elF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.arrow_forward
- . One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)arrow_forward-If the first G get deleted what kind of mutation will happen? Show the change in amino acid sequence. deletion lead to change in reading frame (triplet grouping) of the mRNA, so that nucleotides are grouped into different codons, lead to significant changes in amino acid sequence downstream of the mutation. TACCTA-CACACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT -Multiple mechanisms regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. What are the mechanisms that control the gene expression in nucleus and what are the mechanisms that control the gene expression in cytoplasm. (names not definitions)arrow_forwardQ11. Ribosomes are “ribonucleoprotein particles” in that they are composed mostly of rRNA with some associated ribosomal proteins. How are the genes coding for ribosomal RNAs the same as the genes coding for ribosomal proteins? They both have a transcriptional start site. They both have similar open reading frames to facilitate binding. They both have a transcriptional terminator. They both suffer frameshift mutations with the insertion of 2 nucleotides. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forward
- List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?arrow_forwardOrder+the+following+of+protein+sentesis+sequence+from+earliest: (a)tRNA molecule bring specific amino acids to he mRNA molecule. b)mRNA nucleotides join with exposed DNA bases and form a molecule of mRNA.(c)The two stands of a DNA molecule separate. (d)Peptide bonds form between the amino acids. (e)the mRNA molecule leave the nucleus. (f) a ribosome attached to the mRNA molecule.arrow_forward. The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution muta- tions (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons. (a) How many total mutations are possible? (b) How many of these mutations are "silent," in the sense that the mutant codon is changed to another Arg codon? (c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Arg codon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?arrow_forward
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