Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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this is an example of biotechnology: In order to increase the yield of oil from canola, research focused on ways to reduce competition from competitor weed plants. Weeds can be controlled by spraying with a herbicide that interferes with biological processes, like amino acid anabolic reactions, in the plant cells. A mutant of canola that is resistant to herbicides is sometimes grown in fields that are sprayed with the herbicide. The majority of canola in Canada, though, is genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides. also use the link: https://youtu.be/VS3kcwgIwm0
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Evaluating Biotechnologies in Food Systems
As we practice being able to describe choices in Biology you will use this consolidation task to organize details about the advantages and disadvantages of biotechnologies. In an ideal world, all solutions to improving our food system would have no negative consequences. But issues in Biology involve the interaction of many different factors and changes in one…
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are used to create human growth hormone, insulin and clotting factor proteins that are used to treat dwarfism, diabetes and hemophilia respectively. Several crops such as corn and soybean have also been genetically modified in order to facilitate either the management or growth of these crops. Why do you think there is push back or opposition against the use of GM food crops but not in the use of products such as insulin, which is also created using GMOs?
Much of the controversy over genetically engineered foods has centered on whether special labeling should be required on all products made from genetically modified crops. Some people have advocated labeling that identifies the product as having been made from genetically modified plants. Others have argued that food labeling should be required to identify only the ingredients, not the process by which they were produced. Choose a side in this issue and justify your stand.
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- Briefly discuss the following concerns of Biotechnology;(i) Monoclonal antibodies technology versus gene technology for cancer treatment.(ii) Traditional plant breeding versus Gene technology: Which is the more efficient way for pesticide resistant crop production?(iii) Chemical technology versus Enzyme technology in industrial application.(iv) Are genetically modified organisms (GMOs) a threat to the environment?arrow_forwardThe genetic modification of plants for food is a hot-button issue around the world. Genes transplanted to corn, potato, soybean, and other food strains can confer desired traits, such as resistance to pests, which lessens the need for toxic pesticides. Though genetically modified foods are thought to be safe to eat, their impact on the environment may not be fully known. Do you worry about the long-term effects of genetically modified foods on your health, or the health of the environment? Do the positive impacts outweigh the negatives?arrow_forwardGenetic engineering of plants provides an opportunity to alter their properties or performance in order to improve upon their utility. Such technology may be used to modify the expression of genes already present in the plants, or to introduce new genes of other species with which the plant cannot be bred conventionally. In fact, humans have engaged in genetic manipulation for millennia, producing plant and animal varieties through selective breeding and hybridization that significantly modify genomes of organisms. How has this technology created novel genetic information by specific alteration of cloned genes? (provide an example). Why do you think modern genetic engineering, has met with so much opposition? Should some forms of genetic engineering be of greater concern than others? Explain. In your response provide a specific example from literature to describe the implications of this technology (good or bad).arrow_forward
- Genetically modifying seeds to produce herbicide-resistant plants that increase crop yields has revolutionized modern agriculture. However, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have come under fire in recent years, with consumer groups calling for mandatory GMO labeling on all food packages that contain GMO ingredients. GMO labeling laws have been in force in the European Union and other countries for several years, but the threat to the U.S. food industry is only now surfacing. Although bills requiring GMO labeling have been introduced in many state legislatures, Vermont is the only state where such a law has so far withstood the first round of legal battles from the industry. Leading chemical companies, including Monsanto, BASF, and DuPont, are the world’s largest suppliers of seeds that grow the food that feeds the world. To counter the GMO labeling threat, they now are turning to mutagenesis as an alternative technique to create herbicide-resistant crops. Mutagenesis mimics the…arrow_forwardGenetically modified foods are products produced from organisms that have had genetic modifications introduced into their DNA. The Hawaiian Rainbow papaya, Flavr Savr tomatoes and Roundup Ready soyabeans are products of this technology. Discuss the advantages of these three genetically modified crops.arrow_forwardYou are a researcher working at Ann's Herbal Farm. The owner of the farm would like you to create a new breed of orchids that could glow in the dark by incorporating jellyfish genes into its genome. Describe briefly the creation of this transgenic plant using nature's genetic engineer, a soil bacterium. State the name of the bacterium in your description.arrow_forward
- Suppose that you are hired by a biotechnology firm to produce a strain of giant fruit flies, by using recombinant DNA technology, so that genetics students will not be forced to strain their eyes when looking at tiny flies. You go to the library and learn that growth in fruit flies is normally inhibited by a hormone called shorty substance P (SSP). You decide that you can produce giant fruit flies if you can somehow turn off the production of SSP. SSP is synthesized from a compound called XSP in a single-step reaction catalyzed by the enzyme runtase: XSP———————>SSP runtase A researcher has already isolated cDNA for runtase and has sequenced it, but the location of the runtase gene in the Drosophila genome is unknown. In attempting to devise a strategy for turning off the production of SSP and producing giant flies by using standard recombinant DNA techniques, you discover that deleting, inactivating, or otherwise mutating this DNA sequence in Drosophila turns out to be extremely…arrow_forwardGolden rice is a genetically modified crop plant where the incorporated gene is meant for what?arrow_forwardAquAdvantage salmon is a genetically modified (GM) Atlantic salmon developed by AquaBounty Technologies. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the company's application to allow the entry of this GM salmon into the United States food supply late last year. The FDA announced that: "AquAdvantage salmon is as safe to eat as any non- genetically engineered (GE) Atlantic salmon, and also as nutritious." However, opponents of genetically modified food are claiming that the AquAdvantage salmons could pose a serious environmental risk to the marine ecosystem if the engineered fishes escape from the farms. These transgenic salmons would be a big threat to the wild salmons. Justify this statement.arrow_forward
- Boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. Effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. The current genetically modified Bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. This work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using molecular tools. Four Brazilian cotton cultivars were microinjected with a minimal linear cassette generating 1248 putative lines. Complete gene integration was found in only one line (TO-34) containing one copy of crylla detected by Southern blot. Protein was expressed in high concentration at 45 davs after emergence (dae), decreasing by approximately 50% at 90 dae. Toxicity of the cry protein was demonstrated in feeding bioassays revealing 56.7% mortality to boll weevil fed buds and 88.1% mortality to fall armyworm fed leaves. A…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of Bt corn? It is not common in the United States. Bacterial genes were introduced into the plant with a tumor inducing plasmid (Ti) It expresses a toxin that can make you sick It contains an Agrobacterium that kills insect pests It expresses a Bacterial toxin that kills insect pests It is a transgenic plantarrow_forwardGenetic engineering has been a debatable topic in science as many people are only aware of its risk than benefits. Which among the scenarios below are the benefits of using GMOs? I. Genetic engineering in food can be used to alter genes in crops leading to new diseases in pants. II. Genetic engineering in crops such as rice, corn and tomato can be used to obtain new strains with better nutritional qualities. III. Genetic engineering in food can be used to create totally the same substances such as proteins and other food nutrients. IV. Genetic engineering can be used to increase the immunity to diseases in plants leading to uncontrolled transfer of the resistance genes to the harmful pathogens. V. Genetic engineering can restrict the diversity in organisms. VI. Genetic engineering can be used to suppress negative traits in human like certain genetic diseases. a. II, III, IV and VI b. II, III and VI c. I, II, IV and V d. I, III,…arrow_forward
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