E Essentials: Units, Measurement, And Problem Solving 1 Atoms 2 The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The Atom 3 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 4 Molecules And Compounds 5 Chemical Bonding 6 Chemical Bonding 7 Chemical Reactions And Chemical Quantities 8 Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous Reactions 9 Thermochemistry 10 Gases 11 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 12 Crystalline Solids And Modern Materials 13 Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids And Bases 17 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 18 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 19 Electrochemistry 20 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 21 Organic Chemistry 22 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1E: What are the standard SI base units of length, mass, time, and temperature? Problem 2E: What are the three common temperature scales? Does the size of a degree differ among them? Problem 3E: What are prefix multipliers? List some examples. Problem 4E: What is a derived unit? List an example. Problem 5E: Explain the relationship between the reliability of a measurement and the instrument used to make... Problem 6E: What is the significance of the number of digits reported in a measured quantity? Problem 7E: Explain the difference between precision and accuracy. Problem 8E Problem 9E: When multiplying or dividing measured quantities, what determines the number of significant figures... Problem 10E: When adding or subtracting measured quantities, what determines the number of significant figures in... Problem 11E: Explain the difference between density and mass. Problem 12E: Explain the difference between intensive and extensive properties. Problem 13E Problem 14E Problem 15E Problem 16E Problem 17E: What is dimensional analysis? Problem 18E: How should units be treated in calculations? Problem 19E: Convert each temperature. a. 32 °F to °C (temperature at which water freezes) b. 77 K to °F... Problem 20E: Convert each temperature. a. 212 °F to °C (temperature of boiling water at sea level) b. 22 °C to K... Problem 21E: The coldest temperature ever measured in the United States is -80 °F on January 23, 1971, in... Problem 22E Problem 23E: Use the prefix multipliers to express each measurement without any exponents. a. 1.2 × 10-9 m. b. 22... Problem 24E: Use prefix multipliers to express each measurement without any exponents. a. 38.8 ×105 g b. 55.2 x... Problem 25E: Use scientific notation to express each quantity with only the base units (no prefix multipliers).... Problem 26E: Use scientific notation to express each quantity with only the base units (no prefix multipliers).... Problem 27E: Complete the table. Problem 28E: Complete the table. Problem 29E: Express the quantity 254,998 m in each unit. a. km b. Mm c. mm d. cm Problem 30E: Express the quantity 556.2 × 10-12 s in each unit. a. ms b. ns c. ps d. fs Problem 31E: How many 1-cm squares does it take to construct a square that is 1 m on each side? Problem 32E: How many 1-cm cubes does it take to construct a cube that is 4 cm on edge? Problem 33E: Convert 15.0 L to each unit. a.mL b. cm3 c. gal d. qt Problem 34E: Convert 4.58 x 103 cm3 to each unit. a. L b. mL c. gal d. qt Problem 35E: A ruler used to measure a penny has markings every 1 mm. Which measurement for the size of the penny... Problem 36E: A scale used to weigh produce at a market has markings every 0.1 kg. Which measurement for the mass... Problem 37E: Read each measurement to the correct number of significant figures. Laboratory glassware should... Problem 38E: Read each measurement to the correct number of significant figures. Laboratory glassware should... Problem 39E: For each number, underline the zeroes that are significant and draw an x through the zeroes that are... Problem 40E: For each number, underline the zeroes that are significant and draw an x through the zeroes that are... Problem 41E: How many significant figures are in each number? a. 0.000312 m b. 312,000 s c. 3.12 x 105 km d.... Problem 42E: How many significant figures are in each number? a. 0.1111 s b. 0.007 m c. 108,700 km d. 1.563300 x... Problem 43E: Which numbers are exact (and therefore have an unlimited number of significant figures)? a. p = 3.14... Problem 44E: Indicate the number of significant figures in each number. If the number is an exact number,... Problem 45E: Round each number to four significant figures. a. 156.852 b. 156.842 c. 156.849 d. 156.899 Problem 46E: Round each number to three significant figures. a. 79,845.82 b. 1.548937 x 107 c. 2.3499999995 d.... Problem 47E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. 9154.970 b. 1.540.030600.69 c.... Problem 48E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. 89.377.00.08 b. (5.01105)(7.8102) c.... Problem 49E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. 43.7- 2.341 b.17.6 + 2.838 + 2.3 + 110.77... Problem 50E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. 0.004 + 0.09879 b. 1239.3 + 9.73 + 3.42... Problem 51E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. (24.6681 × 2.38) + 332.58 b. (85.3-... Problem 52E: Calculate to the correct number of significant figures. a. [(1.7 × 106) ÷ (2.63 × 105)] + 7.33 b.... Problem 53E: A new penny has a mass of 2.49 g and a volume of 0.349 cm3. Is the penny made of pure copper?... Problem 54E: A titanium bicycle frame displaces 0.314 L of water and has a mass of 1.41 kg. What is the density... Problem 55E: Glycerol is a syrupy liquid used in cosmetics and soaps. A 3.25-L sample of pure glycerol has a mass... Problem 56E: An allegedly gold nugget is tested to determine its density. It is found to displace 19.3 mL of... Problem 57E: Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) has a density of 1.11 g/cm3. a. What is the mass in g of 417 mL of this... Problem 58E Problem 59E: A small airplane takes on 245 L of fuel, If the density of the fuel is 0.821 g/mL, what mass of fuel... Problem 60E: Human fat has a density of 0.918 g/cm3. How much volume (in cm3) is gained by a person who gains... Problem 61E: Perform each unit conversion. a. 27.8 L to cm3 b. 1898 mg to kg c. 198 km to cm Problem 62E Problem 63E Problem 64E Problem 65E: A runner wants to run 10.0 km. She knows that her running pace is 7.5 miles per hour. How many... Problem 66E Problem 67E: A European automobile has a gas mileage of 17 km/L. What is the car’s gas mileage in miles per... Problem 68E: A gas can holds 5.0 gallons of gasoline. Express this quantity in cm3. Problem 69E: A house has an area of 195 m2. What is its area in: a. km2 b. dm2 c. cm2 Problem 70E Problem 71E: The average U.S. farm occupies 435 acres. (1 acre = 43,560 ft2, 1 mile = 5280 ft) Problem 72E: Total U.S. farmland occupies 954 million acres. How many square miles is this? (1 acre = 43,560 ft2,... Problem 73E: An acetaminophen suspension for infants contains 80 mg/0.80 mL suspension. The recommended dose is... Problem 74E: An ibuprofen suspension for infants contains 100 mg/5.0 mL suspension. The recommended dose is 10... Problem 75E: Convert between energy units. a. 534 kWh to J b. 215 kJ to Cal c. 567 Cal to J d. 2.85×103 J to cal Problem 76E Problem 77E: Suppose that a person eats 2387 Calories per day. Convert this amount of energy into each unit. a. J... Problem 78E: A particular frost-free refrigerator uses about 745 kWh of electrical energy per year. Express this... Problem 79E Problem 80E Problem 81E: A solid gold cylinder sits on a weight-sensitive alarm. A thief uses a can of sand to replace the... Problem 82E: The proton has a radius of approximately 1.0 × 10-13 cm and a mass of 1.7 × 10-24 g. Determine the... Problem 83E: The density of titanium is 4.51 g/cm3. What is the volume (in cubic inches) of 3.5 lb of titanium? Problem 84E: The density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. What is its density in pounds per cubic inch (lb/in3)? Problem 85E: A steel cylinder has a length of 2.16 in, a radius of 0.22 in, and a mass of 41 g. What is the... Problem 86E: A solid aluminum sphere has a mass of 85 g. Use the density of aluminum to find the radius of the... Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E: The Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle, has a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gas... Problem 90E: The Honda Insight, a hybrid electric vehicle, has a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gas... Problem 91E: The single proton that forms the nucleus of the hydrogen atom has a radius of approximately 1.0 ×... Problem 92E: A sample of gaseous neon atoms at atmospheric pressure and 0 °C contains 2.69 × 1022 atoms per... Problem 93E Problem 94E: The world’s record in the 100-m dash is 9.58 s, and in the 100-yd dash it is 9.07 s. Find the speed... Problem 95E: Table salt contains 39.33 g of sodium per 100 g of salt. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)... Problem 96E Problem 97E: A length of #8 copper wire (radius = 1.63 mm) has a mass of 24.0 kg and a resistance of 2.061 ohm... Problem 98E: Rolls of aluminum foil are 304 mm wide and 0.016 mm thick. What maximum length of aluminum foil can... Problem 99E: Liquid nitrogen has a density of 0.808 g/L and boils at 77 K. Researchers often purchase liquid... Problem 100E: Mercury is often used in thermometers. The mercury sits in a bulb on the bottom of the thermometer... Problem 101E Problem 102E: In 1999, scientists discovered a new class of black holes with masses 100 to 10,000 times the mass... Problem 103E Problem 104E: Nanotechnology, the field of building ultrasmall structures one atom at a time, has progressed in... Problem 105E Problem 106E: A box contains a mixture of small copper spheres and small lead spheres. The total volume of both... Problem 107E: A cube has an edge length of 7 cm. If it is divided up into 1-cm cubes, how many 1-cm cubes are... Problem 108E Problem 109E: For each box, examine the blocks attached to the balances. Based on their positions and sizes,... Problem 110E: Look up the measurement of the approximate thickness of a human hair. a. Convert the measurement to... Problem 111E Problem 112E: One inch is equal to 2.54 cm. Draw a line that is 1 inch long, and mark the centimeters on the line.... Problem 113E: Convert the height of each member in your group from feet and inches to meters. Once you have the... Problem 114E Problem 1SAQ: Convert 85.0 °F to k. 358 k 181.1 k 302.6 k 29.4 k Problem 2SAQ: Express the quantity 33.2 × 10-4 m in mm. 0.332 mm 33.2 mm 3.32 mm 3.32 × 10-6 Problem 3SAQ: How many significant figures are there in the number 0.080320? 3 6 5 4 Problem 4SAQ: Perform the calculation to the correct number of significant figures. (43.998 × 0.00552)/2.002... Problem 5SAQ: Perform the calculation to the correct number of significant figures. (8.01-7.50)/3.002 0.17 0.1700... Problem 6SAQ: What is the mass of a 1 .75-L sample of a liquid that has a density of 0.921 g/mL? 1.61 × 10-3 g... Problem 7SAQ: Convert 1,285 cm2to m2. 12.85 m2 0.1285 m2 1.285 × 105 m2 1.285 × 107 m2 Problem 8SAQ Problem 9SAQ: A solid metal sphere has a radius of 3.53 cm and a mass of 1.796 kg. What is the density of the... Problem 10SAQ: A German automobile’s gas mileage is 22km/L. Convert this quantity to miles per gallon. 3.6 mi/gal... Problem 11SAQ: A wooden block has a volume of 18.5 in3. Express the volume of the cube in cm3. 47.0 cm3 7.28 cm3... format_list_bulleted
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