Staining

specimen would have to undergo differential (Gram) staining. Hans Christian Gram was the Danish bacteriologist behind the gram staining technique. His Gram stain technique led to the discovery that Typhus bacillus did not retain the stain. Another procedure like differential staining is called simple staining. The main difference with this procedure is its simplicity and use of just one dye while the differential staining is more complex, uses more staining and helps shows cellular components of the bacteria

The staining procedures used to differentiate the types of bacteria are known as differential technique of staining. The simple methods of staining impart same color to all types of bacteria and other biological materials. The principle behind this differentiation is due to the variation in physical and chemical properties of the cell. Consequently, reaction occurs differently to reagents. In handling of the sputum when testing for the presence of bacteria pathogen one has to ensure that there is

pH 6 for a total 20 min. Non-specific staining had been blocked by superblock (UV block) for 10 minute. Sections were incubated with the primary antibodies for 60 min. The antibodies used were galectin-1 (Genemed, clone NBP2,CA, USA, diluted at 1:400) and galectin-3 (Genemed, clone 9C4, CA, USA, diluted at 1:100). Secondary staining kits were used according to the manufacturer's instructions (Thermo scientific corporation Fremont, CA, USA). Counter staining was done with

Staining of bacteria forms the foremost and the most important step in the identification of bacteria. Gram staining: differentiates bacteria into two types Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria Gram positive bacteria can be either cocci or bacilli or vibrios. Gram negative bacteria can be either cocci or bacilli. Motility testing Motility testing is performed by preparing a wet mount and is then observed under the microscope. Biochemical tests The staining will be followed by use of various

reproduce and duplicate by the process of binary fission. Binary fission is the processes in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells each with identical DNA to the parent cell. Gram staining, also known as Gram's method, is the most important and universally used staining technique in the microbiology and bacteriology laboratory. It is almost always the first test performed in the identification of bacteria (Xu, George).The

of tests used specifically to differentiate bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family. These Results Table 1 Microscopic Data of Differential Gram Stain Gram Stain (A) Gram-negative Cell Results (B) Gram-positive Cell Results Before Staining Transparent Color Transparent Color After Crystal Violet Stain Purple Color Purple Color After Iodine Stain Purple Color Purple Color After Decolorization with Alcohol Transparent Color Purple Color After Safranin Stain Pink/Red Color Purple Color

bacteria growth present. This process allows for further testing and to identify what kind of bacteria is present to allow for appropriate treatment. Bacillus are rod shaped, prokaryotic cells, they form spores (gram positive and gram negative) on gram staining. Escherichia are rod shaped, prokaryotic cells, however they

discusses the technique of Gram Staining in order to characterize bacteria. Gram-staining is a process in which the cells are immersed in crystal violet, iodine, ethanol, and safranin. Based on bacteria’s cell wall, most common bacteria are either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. The Gram-positive cell wall are composed of multiple layers of peptidoglycan layers, whereas the Gram-negative cell wall has one layer of peptidoglycan. Through the technique of Gram-staining, the Gram-positive cells will turn

There are two types of staining: simple staining and differential staining. Staining is used to identify unknown bacterium including the structures within it and aseptic techniques should always be used. Bacterium is a transparent cell. Due to this, bacteria has to be stained and identified to be categorized. During simple staining, a sample of bacteria is taken from a culture. First, water is placed on a slide with a loop then, the bacteria is scratched onto the slide. It must dry completely before

Gram Stain In 1884, a Danish pathologist, Christian Gram, discovered a method of staining bacteria with pararosaniline dyes. By using two different dyes, he discovered that bacteria fall into two different groups. The first group, gram positive, retains the primary color, crystal violet. The second group, gram negative, when washed in a decolorizing solution, becomes colorless and takes on the color of the counterstain. The reaction of the Gram-stain in a bacteria is determined by the biochemical