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Unit 3 Learning Objectives – Chapter 20 Physiology Lecture Exam (Vessels and Circulation)
NOTE: The major blood vessels you need to be able to identify and blood drop traces are covered in a separate document. This document only contains the objectives for the Chapter 20 Physiology Lecture Exam (Exam 1 for Unit 3). As with other units, there are several animations inside APR that cover blood vessel and blood pressure physiology. Click the “my Animation” tab when self
-
studying blood vessels inside APR. VIDEO LECTURE 20.1a –
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF VESSELS Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 1.
Define artery, capillary, and vein. 2.
Describe the three tunics in the walls of most blood vessels, including their tissue compositions, and recognize them on diagrams. 3.
Explain the function of the tunica media. 4.
Define vasa vasorum and explain where they are found. 5.
List key differences between the tunics of the three main types of blood vessels. VIDEO LECTURE 20.1b –
ARTERIES Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 6.
Distinguish between the three types of arteries by describing their structures and explaining their differences. 7.
Describe atherosclerosis and aneurysms, including how they can be life-threatening. VIDEO LECTURE 20.1c –
CAPILLARIES Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 8.
Describe the general structure and function of capillaries, and recognize the components of a capillary bed on diagrams. Narrower lumen than companion vein
Thicker tunica media
Walls remain open when drained of blood
Artery: carries blood away from the heart
Vein: carries blood toward the heart
Capillaries: where gas exchange occurs
Tunica intima: inner layer, composed of simple squamous epithelium
Tunica media: middle layer, composed of smooth muscle cells supported by elastic fiber
Tunica externa: outer layer, composed of areolar CT
Contraction of smooth muscle results in vasoconstruction, relaxation results in vasodilation
Network of small arteries that give blood to large vessels
Found in large veins & arteries, extends into tunica externa
Elastic: largest, 1-2.5 cm diameter, contain abundant elastic fibers allowing artery to stretch
Muscular: 0.3-1 cm diameter mid-sized, distribute blood to specific body regions & organs
Arterioles: 1Omicrometers-0.3mm link to capillaries for gas exchange
Smallest blood vessels, connects arterioles to venules, composed of simple squamous epithelium
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Common carotid
Subclavian
Common iliac
Brachial
Anterior tibial
Coronary
Inferior mesinteric
Atherosclerosis: Hardening of arteries cuts the flow of blood to areas served by the artery
Aneurysm: part of artery wall balloons outward can allow blood to leak out
BIO 202 - Unit 3 –
Chapter 20 (Vessels and Circulation) Exam Learning Objectives Page 2 9.
Distinguish between the structures, locations, and functions of continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid capillaries. 10.
Describe the pathway of blood through a capillary bed, and explain the function of precapillary sphincters. VIDEO LECTURE 20.1d –
VEINS Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 11.
Describe the general structure and function of veins, including special features that limit blood backflow. 12.
Explain how the veins serve as a blood reservoir for the cardiovascular system. VIDEO LECTURE 20.1e –
PATHWAYS OF BLOOD VESSELS Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 13.
Compare and contrast the simple and alternative pathways of blood vessels. 14.
Explain why alternative blood flow pathways are needed in some parts of the body. VIDEO LECTURE 20.2 –
TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AND BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 15.
Define blood flow velocity, and state which vessels have the fastest and slowest velocities. 16.
Explain why the blood flow velocity in capillaries is important for their function. VIDEO LECTURE 20.3 –
CAPILLARY EXCHANGE Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 17.
Describe the processes for moving substances between the blood and tissues. 18.
Describe filtration and reabsorption; explain how these processes cause movement of substances between the blood and tissues. 19.
Explain why blood pressure is important for exchange of substances between the blood and tissues. 20.
Describe how osmotic pressure functions in exchange of substances between the blood and tissues. Continuous: lining of endothelial cells complete, most capillaries
Fenestrated: same as continuous except with small holes
Small intestines
Ciliary process
Choroid plexus
Most endocrine glands
Kidneys
Sinusoid: discontinuous basement membrane, incomplete lining
Red bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Some endocrine glands
Merge & drain into larger vessels with increase in vessel diameter as they extend from the capillaries to the heart
Valves prevent back flow of blood
About 70% of blood is in systemic circulation, about 55% of that is in the veins
Wider lumen than companion artery, thicker tunica external, walls collapse when blood is drained
Precapillary sphincters relax to allow blood to flow into the true capillaries of the capillary bed
Simple pathway: 1 major artery delivers blood to an organ or body region then branches into smaller arteries
1 artery. 1 capillary bed, 1 vein
Anastomosis: Joins blood vessels together
Portal system: blood flows through 2 capillary beds, both separated by a portal vein
Valves are similar in structure to SLV
Filtration is a process that occurs on the arterial end of a capillary
Reabsorption is the movement of fluid by the bulk flow that is in the opposite direction of filtration
Exchange substances between blood & tissues, includes diffusion, vesicular transports & bulk flow
Opposes hydrostatic pressure & thus promotes reabsorption
How fast blood moves through the vessel
Fastest in vessels with lower total cross-sectional areas & slowest in vessels with highest total area
Fastest in elastic arteries
Slowest in capillaries
Must flow slowly to allow exchanges between blood & tissues
Filtration occurs on arterial end of capillary, movement of fluid by bulk flow out of blood through capillaries
BIO 202 - Unit 3 –
Chapter 20 (Vessels and Circulation) Exam Learning Objectives Page 3 21.
Define net filtration pressure, and explain how this differs at the arteriolar and venular ends of a capillary. 22.
State how fluid levels in a capillary differ at the arteriolar end versus the venular end of a capillary, and explain why based on net filtration pressures. 23.
State the role of the lymphatic system in assisting with fluid regulation in tissues. VIDEO LECTURE 20.4 –
LOCAL BLOOD FLOW Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 1 24.
Relate the degree of vascularization of a tissue to perfusion and metabolic needs. 25.
Define angiogenesis and regression; explain how angiogenesis aids perfusion of a tissue. 26.
Describe the myogenic response and how this controls blood flow to a local tissue. 27.
Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. 28.
Explain how vasodilator and vasoconstrictor chemicals help control local blood flow to a tissue. 29.
Explain how a tissue autoregulates its own blood flow based on metabolic needs. a.
List metabolic changes in a tissue that trigger vasodilation. 30.
Define total blood blow, and explain how it influences local blood flow. VIDEO LECTURE 20.5a –
Part 1 –
BLOOD PRESSURE Connect Homework: Chapter 20 –
Smartbook Reading 2; Blood Pressure –
Virtual Lab 31.
Define blood pressure and blood pressure gradient. 32.
Explain how blood pressure changes across the blood vessels from one type to the next and why this is important for one-way blood flow. 33.
Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure and relate them to ventricle function. 34.
Define pulse and pulse pressure. 35.
Explain how a sphygmomanometer functions in blood pressure measurement. Difference between net hydrostatic pressure & net colloid pressure across a capillary membrane
Arterial end: favours pushing fluid out from blood into interstitial fluid
Vein end: pulling fluid back into capillaries by osmosis
More fluid is filtered out at the arterial end than reabsorbed into the venular end
Lymphatic capillaries absorb excess fluid & return it to blood through lymphatic vessels
How much blood vessel distribution within a tissue Metabolic active tissue are highly vascularised
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels in a tissue
Regression occurs when blood supply is no longer needed
Contraction & relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessel walls in response to changes in stretch
Pressure increase: blood flow increases causing more stretch of vessels, automatically causes vasoconstriction to decrease blood flow
Pressure decrease: vessels dilate to allow more blood flow
Vasoconstriction: shrink vessel size, to decrease amount of blood flow
Vasodilation: swell vessel size, to increase amount of blood flow
Vasodilators trigger smooth muscle relaxation & increase blood flow
Vasoconstrictors trigger smooth muscle contraction & decrease blood flow
Process where a tissue regulates its local blood flow in response to its metabolic needs
Inadequate perfusion = O2 & nutrient levels to decrease, while CO2, lactate, potassium & hydrogen ions increase
Total blood flow is the amount of blood transported throughout the entire vasculature in any given time, this equals cardiac output
If total blood flow increases then additional blood is available to body tissues
Blood pressure is the force per unit of area that blood exerts against the inside wall of a vessel
Pressure gradient is the change in blood pressure from one end of a vessel to the other
Pressure gradually falls from arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins
One way flow ensures blood from heart moves to the tissues & back to the heart
Systolic: occurs with ventricular systole as a new surge of blood stretches the walls of the arteries to max pressure
Diastolic: occurs with ventricular diastole as the new blood surge flows away the walls of the artery are less stretched
Pulse: rhythmic throbbing of an arterial wall as blood is pumped through it
Pulse pressure: extra pressure against the wall of an artery at peak blood pressure (systolic - diastolic)
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Related Questions
Task 2.
In blood analyses of a man of 40 who abused alcohol it was found: hemoglobine - 130 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,9 · 10%/, color index -1,0;
leucocytes - 4,5 - 10%/, leucocyte formula without changes, thrombocytes - 100 109/1, erythrocytes sedimentation rate- 20 mm
/hour., blood coagulation time – 10 minutes, blood plasma proteins - 60 g/l. Make ground conclusions. Analyze probable reasons of
stated changes.
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Task 3.
During some diseases, one can observe the diminishing of the duration of the action potential of typical cardiomyocytes. This makes
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ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITIES
1. A patient with iron deficiency anemia
experiences shortness of breath, weakness and
has a pale skin. Explain why anemic people
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2. A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in
the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal
heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses
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Task 1.
A woman of 35 consulted a doctor with the complaints on weakness, decrease capacity for work. In blood analyses it was found:
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thrombocytes - 120 - 10%/1, blood coagulation time - 5 minutes, bleeding time (duration of bleeding) - 6 minutes, blood plasma
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States)
Show your workl
1. Juan has a cardiac output (CO) of 6000 mL per minute at rest. He has a resting heart
rate (HR) of 60 beats/min. What is his stroke volume?
I
2. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricles (EDV) with
each heartbeat (see formula below). If Juan's EDV is 150 mL, what is his ejection
fraction?
Ejection Fraction =
Stroke volume
End diastolic volume
X
100
3. Juan went for a walk and his heart rate climbed to 110 beats/min. his EDV decreased
to 125 mL and his ejection fraction was 80%. What was his cardiac output?
E Focus
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Work 3. Methods of heart examination. Electrocardiography (ECG)
Label the I, II III standard leads. In
which standard lead is ECG amplitude
maximum?
Img. 44. Scheme of electrode application for ECG.
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metaye yotelu Labeling Exercises
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LABELING EXERCISE 6-2: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM
OF THE HEART (Textbook Figure 6-3) augaloodixT) BRUTOU
1. Write the name of each numbered structure of the electrical conduction system on the corresponding numbered line. Write the
names of hollow spaces and vessels that contain deoxygenated blood blue and those that contain oxygenated blood in red.
2. Color the structures in the drawing that conduct electrical impulses yellow. Color the vessels and structures that carry
deoxygenated blood blue, and those that carry oxygenated blood red.amul ads be loeasy boold botsys
3. Place a star on the drawing next to the number of the structure that originates the electrical impulse.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
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Adapted from Cohen BJ, Hull KL. Study Guide for Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning: 2019:274
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Task 3.
In a patient activated partial thromboplastin time makes 50 s, prothrombin time makes 12 s, platelet count makes 300+10⁹/L, bleeding
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ACTIVITY NO. 3-A
Rees and Ecker Method
1. Illustrate and label the different steps of Rees and Ecker Method
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3. Why is it important to thoroughly clean the cover glass and hemacytometer before
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4. What is the purpose of placing the loaded hemacytometer in the moist chamber?
5. What area of the hemacytometer is used to count platelets?
Page to answer
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Date
Pre-Lab Exercise 12-3
Pathway of Blood Flow through the Heart
Answer the following questions about the pathway of blood flow through the heart. Use your
textbook and Exercise 12-1 in this unit for reference.
1. Regarding veins:
a. Where do veins carry blood?
deoxygenated?
b. Is this blood generally oxygenated or
c. Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where?
2. Regarding arteries:
a. Where do arteries carry blood?
Is this blood generally oxygenated or deoxygenated?
c. Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where?
3. Where does each atrium pump blood when it contracts?
Right atrium:
a.
b. Left atrium:
4. Where does each ventricle pump blood when it contracts?
a. Right ventricle:
b. Left ventricle:
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Physiology questions and case study
Case study 1
Laboratory result of Kwame Charles shop an blood volume = 12% ( reference range < 9), and BP= 140/100mmHg, Na= 150 ( 135-145). He was given Thiazide direutics as therapy.
a. Why was he given such treatment.b. Did Na level contributed to anything and why?
Case study 2
Esi was seen with haematuria, tubular epithelial cells during microscopy and urine PH = 4
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Case study 3
During a gas explosive Musa had a 3rd degree burns. Laboratory result perform show a low plasma volume, susceptible to infection and blood also showed hyperkalemia.
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Case study 4
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4th Quarter Activity 4
Instructions
Instructions
Direction: Answer the following questions in paragraph form consist of at least five sentences.
1. Explain the Body Systems and Homeostasis in your own words.
2. Define the Lungs: Bronchi and Alveoli and give its function.
3. Explain and elaborate what is the respiratory system and circulatory system. Give its similarities, differences and its function.
4. Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic homeostasis system.
5. Define the different system based on the discussion.
+ Prepare answer
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Lab Assignment
Part 1
Discuss the elements of inspection of an anterior and posterior chest wall.
What are three factors that affect tactile fremitus?
Discuss the five (5) factors that can affect auscultation.
Part 2
What are normal heart sounds? Where are they best heard? What do these heart sounds indicate?
What are abnormal heart sounds? What do these heart sounds indicate?
What is a pulse deficit? How is it calculated?
Part 3
Identify the peripheral arterial pulses. Discuss the grading scale for arterial pulses.
Discuss the grading scale for edema. What does the presence of edema indicate?
Discuss the symptoms of Raynaud's disease.
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QUESTION 6
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b. Bicarbonate solution
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d. a-ketoglutarate solution
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f. NAD solution
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Oh. Isocitrate solution
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Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
QUESTION 7
0.25mL of a stock solution…
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Heart Quiz Questions
1. What are the basic functions of each heart chamber?
2. Describe the pericardium, visceral and parietal, and their function.
3. Describe and name the sulci of the heart and their contents.
Describe and name the layers of the heart and the internal
structures, including the valves.
4. What are the features of the right atrium and the type of blood it
contains? What vessels empty into the right atrium? The right
ventricle?
5. What are the features of the left atrium and the type of blood it
contains? What vessels empty into the left atrium? The left
ventricle?
6. What are the coronary arteries and their function? The coronary
veins?
7. Describe and name the parts of the conduction system of the
heart. What is the EKG and the names and significance of the
different waves?
8. Describe the 3 steps of action potential formation in the heart?
How does it differ from action potentials in skeletal muscle?
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Required information
30s
MENINGES
Within the skull and vertebral column, the brain and spinal cord are protected by three
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meninges consist of the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Multiple Choice
The subarachnoid space contains
Lymph
Venous blood
0:00
Arterial blood
1:39
Cerebrospinal fluid
1x
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Question:
Your patient experiences sudden changes in blood pressure and heart rate with a ventilator high-pressure alarm. You ask to obtain a chest X-ray, and it reveals that the trachea deviates to the left. The right side of the chest is completely black and translucent, and there is hypoventilation noted on the left. You check your Ett and notice it is in the right mainstem. What do you think is wrong?
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3:00
ASSIGNMENT Define each term lis...
NUR 102 Concepts 1
Instructor: Dr. Martin
Assignment Due Date: 09/12/2023
1. Define each term listed as the Nursing Diagnosis Qualifier (NDQ).
2. Provide three (3) Nursing Diagnosis Statements when an alteration occurs wit
of oxygenation, perfusion, fluid & electrolytes, tissue integrity, and thermoregu
Name:
NDQ Oxygenation Perfusion Fluid & Electrolytes Tissue Integrity Thermoregulation
Deficient 1.
1.
3.
Imbalanced 1.
2
Impaired 1.
2.
3.
Ineffective 1.
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Risk for 1.
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first patient HCT and MCV are less than normal, in the second patient HCT and MCV are normal. Explain such differences in HCT
and MCV in spite of normal and eproximally equal RBC.
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Question: variant angina
For this disease pathology, please provide the following information:
What causes this disorder (pathology)? Are there any threats to life risks associated with this disease that you should watch out for, and why? (Not all terms will have life-threatening conditions associated with them)
What would you expect to see in the lab or diagnostic results?
What are the most common treatments?
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Problem statement: A patient feels that he/she has received false laboratory report.
1-Draw a neat legible diagram (To draw, use the website:https://www.canva.com/graphs/fishbone-diagrams/ ) and explain the concept of fishbone diagram
2-provide necessary justification for your response
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Must post first.
Bob, a 65-year-old man with atrial fibrillation, has been using warfarin for the past 12 months after he presented to the local emergency department with signs of a TIA. A head CT scan and trans-esophageal echocardiogram done at the time were normal. He has been well since.
Bob has came it the clinical today as the INR taken this morning was 4.6. Up until now, his INR results (which have been measured every 2 weeks) have been stable and in the range of 2.0√3.0. He has not started any new prescribed medications recently.
Bob also has hypertension and osteoarthritis (for which he had a left total hip replacement 6 months ago). Current medications: Atenolol 50 mg once daily, Lisinopril 10 mg once daily and warfarin 6 mg at night.
On examination: BP 140/80 mmHg; pulse rate 65, irregular. The remainder of the physical examination is normal with no evidence of bruising, epistaxis, or gastrointestinal bleeding.
List potential drug interaction(s) with warfarin, which…
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Heart Failure Case Study
James is a 70-year-old male brought to the
emergency department (ED) by ambulance
with complaints of shortness of breath. The
patient's medical record shows a past history of
hypertension, diabetes, MI X 2, congestive
heart failure (CHF), and chronic renal
insufficiency. Upon assessment, James has
labored breathing at 36 breaths/min and
tachycardia at 112 beats/min. His pulse
oximetry is 90% on 40% oxygen via a face
mask. Crackles are heard throughout his lungs.
1. List potential causes and risk factors for his
condition.
2. Identify the typical symptoms of left-sided
heart failure vs. right-sided heart failure with
an "L" or an "R" or "B" for both.
Cough
Blood-tinged sputum
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Nocturnal polyuria
Exertional dyspnea
Peripheral edema
Crackles or wheezes
Jugular venous distension
Ascites and GI distress
Orthopnea
Cyanosis
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
The physician orders a chest x-ray, ECG,
arterial blood gases (ABGS), and lab work to be
done.…
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Time remaining:
00:09:43
Nursing
Viva Voce Scenario
You are working as a registered nurse in a community setting, buddied with a nursing student, Greg. You are assigned to care for Mrs Neda, who requires an International Normalised Ratio (INR) test. You note that Mrs Neda is taking warfarin (Coumadin) as part of the management of her atrial fibrillation. Greg asks you if you could explain the mechanism of action of warfarin (Coumadin) to him.
Question 1:Explain to Greg the mechanism of action of warfarin (Coumadin).
Mrs Neda complains of gum bleeding when she brushes her teeth and asks you to explain why this is happening.
Question 2:Provide an explanation to Mrs Neda whybleeding is one of the side-effects of warfarin (Coumadin).
Greg noted that Mrs Neda also takes an antidysrhythmic. Greg asks you why two drugs are needed.
Question 3:Explain to Greg why multiple drugs are given when a patient has atrial fibrillation.
The INR comes back on the high side of normal. You speak…
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Answers for lagundi please
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TASK N 4
A 39-year-old man, who previously considered himself to be
practically healthy, felt severe pain in the epigastric region and
strong weakness while performing heavy physical work. After 20
minutes the pains weakened but there were complaints of nausea
and vomiting. On examination: the state of moderate severity,
arterial pressure is 70/45 mm Hg, sinus bradycardia. Careful
palpation revealed no signs of a gastrointestinal pathology. After
ECG registration, the patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis
"Acute left ventricular infarction".
Questions:
1. Indicate the form of infarction with such unusual localization of
the pain syndrome and the presence of dyspeptic disorders.
2. Describe the most typical localization of pain during
myocardial infarction.
3. What changes on the ECG are typical for myocardial
infarction?
4. Which plasma enzymes can be measured in order to confirm the
diagnosis?
5. List possible causes of heart attack in the absence of pre-infarct
symptomatology…
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- Task 2. In blood analyses of a man of 40 who abused alcohol it was found: hemoglobine - 130 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,9 · 10%/, color index -1,0; leucocytes - 4,5 - 10%/, leucocyte formula without changes, thrombocytes - 100 109/1, erythrocytes sedimentation rate- 20 mm /hour., blood coagulation time – 10 minutes, blood plasma proteins - 60 g/l. Make ground conclusions. Analyze probable reasons of stated changes.arrow_forwardTask 3. During some diseases, one can observe the diminishing of the duration of the action potential of typical cardiomyocytes. This makes conditions for pathological recirculation of excitatory impulses (action potentials) by the heart structures and it violates the pump`s function of the heart. Explain the reason for it.arrow_forwardADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. A patient with iron deficiency anemia experiences shortness of breath, weakness and has a pale skin. Explain why anemic people experience and share the same symptoms. 2. A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. Who are the patients greatly in need of this procedure of having pacemaker built in their chest? And why?arrow_forward
- Task 1. A woman of 35 consulted a doctor with the complaints on weakness, decrease capacity for work. In blood analyses it was found: hemoglobine - 110 g/l, erythrocytes – 2,7 · 10¹2/l, color index - 1,2; leucocytes - 4,5 - 109/1, leucocyte formula without changes, thrombocytes - 120 - 10%/1, blood coagulation time - 5 minutes, bleeding time (duration of bleeding) - 6 minutes, blood plasma proteins - 65 g/l, erythrocytes sedimentation rate -19 mm/hour. Make ground conclusion. Name possible reasons of marked changes.arrow_forwardStates) Show your workl 1. Juan has a cardiac output (CO) of 6000 mL per minute at rest. He has a resting heart rate (HR) of 60 beats/min. What is his stroke volume? I 2. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricles (EDV) with each heartbeat (see formula below). If Juan's EDV is 150 mL, what is his ejection fraction? Ejection Fraction = Stroke volume End diastolic volume X 100 3. Juan went for a walk and his heart rate climbed to 110 beats/min. his EDV decreased to 125 mL and his ejection fraction was 80%. What was his cardiac output? E Focusarrow_forwardWork 3. Methods of heart examination. Electrocardiography (ECG) Label the I, II III standard leads. In which standard lead is ECG amplitude maximum? Img. 44. Scheme of electrode application for ECG.arrow_forward
- metaye yotelu Labeling Exercises 125 яте LABELING EXERCISE 6-2: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART (Textbook Figure 6-3) augaloodixT) BRUTOU 1. Write the name of each numbered structure of the electrical conduction system on the corresponding numbered line. Write the names of hollow spaces and vessels that contain deoxygenated blood blue and those that contain oxygenated blood in red. 2. Color the structures in the drawing that conduct electrical impulses yellow. Color the vessels and structures that carry deoxygenated blood blue, and those that carry oxygenated blood red.amul ads be loeasy boold botsys 3. Place a star on the drawing next to the number of the structure that originates the electrical impulse. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 5 woll boold to mousshib si inses 7 8 of zod 10 9 Adapted from Cohen BJ, Hull KL. Study Guide for Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning: 2019:274 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.arrow_forwardTask 3. In a patient activated partial thromboplastin time makes 50 s, prothrombin time makes 12 s, platelet count makes 300+10⁹/L, bleeding time by Ivy makes 3,5 makes. Correcting test for aPTT makes 40 s. Estimate the indexes and make the conclusion.arrow_forwardACTIVITY NO. 3-A Rees and Ecker Method 1. Illustrate and label the different steps of Rees and Ecker Method 2. Write the computation of your results. 3. Why is it important to thoroughly clean the cover glass and hemacytometer before performing the platelet count? 4. What is the purpose of placing the loaded hemacytometer in the moist chamber? 5. What area of the hemacytometer is used to count platelets? Page to answerarrow_forward
- Date Pre-Lab Exercise 12-3 Pathway of Blood Flow through the Heart Answer the following questions about the pathway of blood flow through the heart. Use your textbook and Exercise 12-1 in this unit for reference. 1. Regarding veins: a. Where do veins carry blood? deoxygenated? b. Is this blood generally oxygenated or c. Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where? 2. Regarding arteries: a. Where do arteries carry blood? Is this blood generally oxygenated or deoxygenated? c. Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where? 3. Where does each atrium pump blood when it contracts? Right atrium: a. b. Left atrium: 4. Where does each ventricle pump blood when it contracts? a. Right ventricle: b. Left ventricle:arrow_forwardPhysiology questions and case study Case study 1 Laboratory result of Kwame Charles shop an blood volume = 12% ( reference range < 9), and BP= 140/100mmHg, Na= 150 ( 135-145). He was given Thiazide direutics as therapy. a. Why was he given such treatment.b. Did Na level contributed to anything and why? Case study 2 Esi was seen with haematuria, tubular epithelial cells during microscopy and urine PH = 4 a. What is the likely cause of the lower acidityb. What is the likely cause of the haematuria and tubular epithelial cells Case study 3 During a gas explosive Musa had a 3rd degree burns. Laboratory result perform show a low plasma volume, susceptible to infection and blood also showed hyperkalemia. a. How will this plasma and susceptibility to infection be curtail.b. Why the blood hyperkalemia? Case study 4 Asare's Laboratory result showed increase in BP, Plasma volume, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and serum renin low. a. What disorder are we talking about here. b. What other hormone…arrow_forward4th Quarter Activity 4 Instructions Instructions Direction: Answer the following questions in paragraph form consist of at least five sentences. 1. Explain the Body Systems and Homeostasis in your own words. 2. Define the Lungs: Bronchi and Alveoli and give its function. 3. Explain and elaborate what is the respiratory system and circulatory system. Give its similarities, differences and its function. 4. Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic homeostasis system. 5. Define the different system based on the discussion. + Prepare answerarrow_forward
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