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Mendelian Genetics Review
A) Watson
B) Linnaeus
C)
Mendel
D) Morgan
1. The principles of dominance, segregation, and independent
assortment were first described by
A)
Drosophila
B) bacteria
C) four-o'clock plants
D)
pea plants
2. Gregor Mendel formulated some basic principles of heredity from
the results of his experiments with
A)
overproduction and selective breeding
B)
mutations and elimination of genes
C)
evolution and asexual reproduction
D)
sorting and recombination of genes
3. The puppies shown in the photograph below are all from the same
litter.
The differences seen with this group of puppies are most likely due
to
A)
GG
×
Gg
B)
GO
×
GO
C)
Gg
× gg
D)
gg
×
gg
4.
Which genetic concepts best explain the fact that hybrid parents
can produce offspring with recessive phenotypes?
A)
codominance and polyploidy
B)
intermediate inheritance and segregation
C)
segregation and recombination
D)
polyploidy and recombination
5.
In squirrels, the gene for gray fur (
G
) is dominant over the gene for
black fur (
g
). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are gray, the
parental cross that produced this litter was most likely
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
6. In screech owls, red feathers are dominant over gray feathers. If
two heterozygous red-feathered owls are mated, what percentage
of their offspring would be expected to have red feathers?
A)
1:2:1
B) 9:7
C) 3:1
D) 1:3:1
7. Two mice that are heterozygous for black coat color are mated.
Assuming coat color in mice is controlled by a single pair of genes,
which genotypic ratio for coat color is expected in the offspring?
A)
0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
8. In watermelon plants the allele for solid green fruit (
G
) is dominant
over the allele for striped fruit (
g
). Pollen from a flower of a
homozygous green watermelon plant is used to pollinate a flower
from a heterozygous green watermelon
plant. What percent of the offspring of this cross will bear striped
watermelons?
B) tall plant
A)
short plant
C) medium-sized plant
D) different species of plant
9. In a certain species of plant, the allele for tallness is dominant over
the allele for shortness. To determine whether a tall plant is
heterozygous or homozygous, it should be crossed with a
A) polyploidy
B) crossing-over
C) codominance
D) sex linkage
10.
Which is a true statement about people with the genotype
I
A
I
B
for
blood type?
A)
They have two alleles that are codominant.
B)
They exhibit a type O phenotype.
C)
They are homozygous for blood type A.
D)
They can have only type O children.
11.
When roan cattle are crossed, 25% of the offspring produced will
have white coats, 50% will have roan coats, and 25% will have
red coats. What do these results illustrate?
B) sorted independently
D) hybrid traits
12. The genes for red hair and freckles are usually inherited together
because these genes are
A) homologous
C) linked
A) 6
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
13.
If a man has type B blood and his sister has type
A blood, which
combination represents the genotypes of their parents?
A)
type O father and a homozygous A mother
B)
type O father and a homozygous B mother
C) type AB
father and type O
mother
D)
both mother and father with type O blood
14.
In a human population, the inheritance of the ABO blood group is
explained by assuming that, within the population, the number of
different kinds of alleles responsible for blood type is
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
15. Which blood type would
not
appear in the offspring of parents
who had genotypes
I
A
I
B
and
I
A
i
?
A) differentiation
B) heredity
C) immunity
D) evolution
16. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as
17. The results of a genetic process are represented in the diagram below.
A) chromosomal mutation during mitosis
C) independent assortment during mitosis
B) nondisjunction during meiosis D) crossing-over during meiosis
Which process most likely produced these results?
A)
B)
C)
D)
18. Which diagram correctly illustrates the fusion of normal gametes
that will most likely produce a human male?
C)
D)
19.
The development of a normal human zygote into a male or female
is determined by
A)
an autosome contributed by the egg
B)
a sex chromosome contributed by the egg
C)
an autosome contributed by the sperm
D)
a sex chromosome contributed by the sperm
20.
Which diagram represents a sperm that can unite with a normal
egg to produce a zygote that will develop into a normal human
male embryo?
A)
B)
A) hybrid
B) codominant
C) autosomal
D) sex-linked
21. Which term
best describes genes carried only on the
X-
chromosome?
B)
X
n
Y
and
X
N
X
N
A)
X
N
Y
and
X
N
X
N
C) X
N
Y
and X
N
X
n
D)
X
n
Y
and
X
n
X
n
22. In humans, normal color vision (
N
) is dominant over color
blindness (
n
). A man and woman with normal color vision
produced two colorblind sons and two daughters with normal
color vision. The parental genotypes must be
23.
The best method for determining if a woman may be a carrier of
the trait for color blindness is to
A)
give her an eye examination
B)
analyze a sample of her red blood cells
C)
analyze a sample of her urine
D)
check her family pedigree for the trait
24.
Barbara, who is not colorblind, and her husband Bill had a
colorblind baby girl. Which statement about this situation is true?
A)
Barbara's mother must have been colorblind.
B)
Bill's mother must have been colorblind.
C)
Barbara's father must have been colorblind.
D)
Bill must be colorblind.
25.
Mendel developed the basic principles of heredity by
A)
examining chromosomes with microscopes
B)
using x-rays to induce mutations
C)
analyzing large numbers of offspring
D)
observing crossing-over during meiosis
26.
Gregor Mendel developed heredity principles from his
A)
mathematical analysis of the results of pea plant crosses
B)
working model of the structure of DNA
C)
mapping of the locations of human genes on chromosomes
D)
extensive study of breeding
Drosophila
27.
Using the results of his experiments with pea plant crosses, what
did Gregor Mendel discover?
A)
the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment
B)
that pea plants develop mutations after exposure to radiation
C)
intermediate inheritance and gene linkage
D)
that DNA is involved in the inheritance of dominant traits
B) biological evolution
A) genetic engineering C) heredity
D) natural selection
28. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced
wrinkled peas. The peas from these plants produced new plants
that also produced wrinkled peas. The scientist concluded that
something in the parent plants was being transmitted to the next
generation. This discovery is now known as
A) dominance
B) polyploidy
C) crossing-over
D) mutation
29.
Information about patterns of human heredity is more difficult to
obtain than information about patterns of heredity in fruit flies
because
A)
humans have shorter life cycles and more offspring than
fruit
flies
B)
most humans have offspring with hidden dominant traits
C)
humans have longer life cycles and fewer offspring than fruit flies
D)
most mating in humans is carefully controlled by genetic
engineering
30.
After observing the offspring of many generations of pea plant
crosses, Gregor Mendel formulated the principle of
31. The diagram below represents the inheritance of stem height in
garden peas.
A)
intermediate inheritance
B)
segregation and recombination
C)
sex linkage and codominance
D)
independent assortment
The diagram best illustrates
A) heterozygous
B) hybrid
C) homozygous
D) incompletely dominant
32. What term would
best
be used to describe an organism possessing
two identical genes for a trait?
33. A cross between two mice with long tails and brown fur produced
the four types of offspring listed below:
long tailed with brown fur
long tailed with white fur
short tailed with brown fur
short tailed with white fur
Which genetic mechanism best explains the results of this cross?
A)
intermediate inheritance
B)
gene linkage
C) independent assortment
D)
crossing-over
34. The diagram below shows a diploid cell with two homologous
pairs of chromosomes.
A)
Aa
,
Bb
,
AA
, and
bb
C)
AB
and
Ab
, only
B)
AaBb
and
ABab
D) AB
, Ab
, aB
, and ab
Due to independent assortment what possible normal allelic
combinations could be found in gametes produced from this cell
by meiosis?
35. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below
represents a reproductive process that takes place in humans.
A)
The normal species chromosome number is restored.
B)
Males and females each contribute DNA to the offspring.
C)
The zygote will develop to become identical to the dominant parent.
D)
The sex of the zygote is determined by DNA in the gametes.
Which statement does
not
correctly describe this process?
B) sex-linked traits
A) dominance C) multiple alleles
D) mutation
36. When red-flowered snapdragons are crossed with white-flowered
snapdragons, all the
F
1
plants will have pink flowers. If Mendel
had used snapdragons instead of pea plants, he would have had
difficulty in formulating his principle of
A) gene linkage
B) sex linkage
C) independent assortment
D) dominance
37.
The sorting and recombination of genes during reproduction is
important to evolution because these processes
A)
decrease variation and help maintain a stable population
B)
increase variation that enables species to adapt to change
C)
decrease the chances of producing offspring that are adapted
to the environment
D)
increase the ability of all the offspring to adapt to the
environment
38.
A pair of male Holstein (black-and-white) calves that have the
same parents display many similarities but also exhibit some
variations. Which process best explains these variations?
C) segregation
D) incomplete dominance
39.
Only red tulips result from a cross between homozygous red and
homozygous white tulips. This illustrates the principle of
A) independent assortment B) dominance
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