ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT FINAL COPY ADITYA CHANDEL

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Rutgers University *

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506

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Chemistry

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May 17, 2024

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docx

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Lab: Electrical equivalent of heat Name: Aditya Chandel Group ID: 00 Date of experiment: 4/5/22 Date of Report Submission: 5/3/22 Course and Section number: 103A Instructor’s Name: Sheldon Fereira Partner’s Names: Bassma Rahman and Ravi Manne Symbols utilized and recorded for this lab are: θ and Δ and Σ Introduction: Objectives: - Identify electrical equivalent of heat of the water - Identify energy and heat units - Identify values from voltage current, time and mass of substance - Form equivalent heat of water - Application of conservation of energy Theoretical Background: Utilizing the law of conservation of energy, we know that the total amount of energy will always stay constant. We know this simply because energy cannot be created or destroyed. However, it can be transformed to different types of energy. Using a coil, the flow energy can be shown using the E=PT for the power multiplied by time in the system. This will allow us to find the power, the voltage, and current values required. P=IV. To get the total heat gained by the system which is Q, the respective masses and specific heats of aluminum and water need to be used.The equation used is Q=m w c w (T f -T i )+m c *c c (T f -T i ). This will be utilized in J e =E/Q to calculate the electrical equivalent of heat. We have two different systems which are open and closed. These rules apply to isolated and closed systems but open systems can also have matter be a part of the processes involved. Experimental Procedure: Experimental Variables: The experimental values that we are utilizing to conduct the electrical equivalent of head lab are: Specific heat of aluminum/cup (c c ), specific heat of water (c w ), mass of water (m w ) mass of cup (m c ), temperature final (T f ), temperature initial (T i ), heat (Q), current (A in amps), voltage (V in volts), flow of energy (E), Experimental procedure:
1. First, make sure the voltmeter is connected to the terminals of the heating coil. Observe voltages differences on the voltmeter and then plug in the output of the DC power supply, ammeter, and heating coil into one single series. This will allow the water to heat and will allow for measurements of changes happening when it comes to voltage and current. 1. Take the mass of the inner calorimeter cup when it is completely empty then you can fill the water up to 250 mL with cold water. Take the mass with the inner cup with water inside. with cold 2. Measure the mass of the inner cup and water together and then place them in the calorimeter. 3. There is W.E 2.5g inscribed on the lid of the calorimeter taking this into account when attaining the final mass of water by multiplying it in calculations to the mass of the lid. 4. Place the lid on along with the stirror and heating coil on top of the calorimeter. Turn on the powder supply and adjust the voltage output until the ammeter reads 1.5. 5. Record the voltage and turn the power supply. Put the thermometer in water and record initial and final temperatures. Put the lid on with the stirrer and heating coil atop the calorimeter and then turn on the power supply. 6. Make sure the power supply is turned on and put a timer so you can record the ammeter and voltmeter every two minutes while stirring the water. 7. Turn off the power supply and record the final time. Keep stirring until you get an accurate final reading temperature. Results: Experimental Data: Variables: Mass of empty inner cup of calorimeter m c = 58.56g Mass of inner cup with water m c +m w +2.5(mass of lid)=306.67g Effective mass of water m w =307.45-57.62=248.11g Time t=540 seconds Initial Temperature of water T = 19.8 C Final temperature of water T f =25.4 Table 1: Time [second] Voltage [V] Current [A] Time [second] Voltage [V] Current [A] 0 6.5 1.5 300 6.6 1.7 30 6.5 1.5 330 6.6 1.7 60 6.5 1.6 360 6.6 1.7 90 6.5 1.6 390 6.6 1.7 120 6.5 1.6 420 6.6 1.7 150 6.5 1.6 450 6.7 1.7 180 6.5 1.7 480 6.7 1.7
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