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A company is considering an organizational change which entails adopting the use of self-managed work teams which they hope will lead to higher levels of employee satisfaction.  In order to assess the attitudes of employees of the company towards this change a sample of 250 employees was selected and asked whether they favor the institution of self-managed teams.  Three responses were allowed: favor, neutral or oppose.  The observed frequency of the results of the survey are shown below:         Opinion   Type of Job Favor Neutral Oppose Total Hourly Worker 25 40 35 100 Supervision 45 35 20 100 Manager 20 15 15 50 Total 90 90 70 250         Use this data to test the hypothesis that opinion and type of job are independent at the .025 level.

A researcher investigated whether a father's level of optimism was predictive of his son's optimism as a young adult. Twenty (20) fathers and sons who agreed to participate in the study were administered a scale measuring their current level of optimism (the scale ranged from 10 to 50), with higher scores indicating greater optimism.

A study was done in 1998 by Dr. Benjamin Levine to explore the role of altitude training in athletic performance. First, he trained athletes at low altitude, then measured their finish times in a 5 kilometer run. Then the athletes were placed into one of the following groups: I, living and training at high altitude; Il, living at high altitude and training at low; or Ill, living and training at low altitude. The athletes were then retested in another low-altitude 5 K race. In this study, what are the control and experimental data? What are the dependent and independent variables? The results are expressed as average change in speed of each group. I: -3.4 sec., Il: +13.4 sec., Ill: -26.7 sec. a. Graph and interpret the results. b. Did the results surprise you? Why or why not? c. Explain why the three groups obtained the results presented? d.How did altitude affect blood composition and why? e.How would athletes' performance be affected if they live, train, and compete at different…

Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between dietary supplements and cognitive ability among children. A total of 500 children age 12-17 years who take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement are compared with 500 children age 12-17 years who do not take an omega-3 fatty acid supplement. Researchers follow the children for 2 years. During this time, 300 children who take the supplement earn what is classified as a “high” score on a cognitive test while 200 children who do not take the supplement earn what is classified as a “high” score on the same cognitive test.  Show calculations.    a) Construct a 2x2 table from the information presented above b) The risk difference is:

The Chi-Squared Test - X² Choco-Zuties, and the other ad was for a new healthy snack called Apple-Zuties. Product advertisers studied the effects of television ads on children's choices for two new snacks. The advertisers used two 30-second television ads in an experiment. One ad was for a new sugary snack called program, the children were offered a choice between the two snacks. The table below summarizes their choices. individually watched a 30-minute television program that was interrupted for 5 minutes of advertising. After the For the experiment, 75 children were randomly assigned to one of three groups, A, B, or C. Each child Number Who Chose Choco-Zuties 21 13 22 Group A B с Kristin Trehame 11-30-20 Chapter 11 Analyzing the Association Between Categorical Variables Type of Ad Choco-Zuties only Apple-Zuties only Neither Number Who Chose Apple-Zuties 4 12 x²=(obs-exp)² exp Do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that there is an association between type of ad and…

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QUESTION 39 A researcher reports an independent-measures t-statistic with degrees of freedom = 38 . How many participants were in the entire study?     20     40     39     76

A researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between exercise and blood pressure for adults over 50. A random sample of 236 adults over 50 is selected and the results are given below. Blood Pressure | Low Moderate High Exercise Walkers Non-walkers | 21 35 62 25 65 28 Test the claim that walking and blood pressure are independent. Use a= 0.01.

Medical tests were conducted to learn about drug-resistant tuberculosis. Of 142  cases tested in New Jersey, 9 were found to be drug-resistant. Of 268 cases tested in Texas, 5 were found to be drug-resistant. Do these data suggest a statistically significant difference between the proportions of drug-resistant cases in the two states? Use a .02  level of significance. What is the -value, and what is your conclusion? Test statistic =

A report on the U.S. economy indicates that 30% of Americans have experienced difficulty in making mortgage payments.  A news organization randomly sampled 400 Americans from 10 cities named the “fastest dying cities in the U.S.” (Forbes Magazine, August 2008) and found that 140 reported such difficulty. Does this indicate that the problem is more severe among these cities? a.  Write the null and alternative hypotheses. b.  What is the value of the test statistic? c.  What is the associated P-value? d.  State your conclusion using α = 0.05.

Many parents allow underage children to drink alcohol in limited situations when an adult is present to supervise. The idea is that teens will learn responsible drinking habits if they first experience alcohol in a controlled environment. Other parents take a strict no-drinking approach. Researchers surveyed a sample of 200 students aged 14 to 17, about their alcohol use and about alcohol related problems. Using a=0.05, answer the questions No Alcohol related Problems Alcohol Related Problems Not allowed to drink 71 9 80 Allowed to drink 89 31 |120 160 40 N=200 What is the alternative hypothesis? [ Select] What is the null hypothesis? [ Select] What inferential test is being conducted? [ Select] What is the obtained statistic? [ Select ] What determines the critical value? [ Select ] What is the critical value? [ Select ] What is the decision rule? [ Select] What is your decision? [ Select] What is your conclusion? [ Select ]

A number of particular articles has been classified according to their weights. After drying for two weeks the same articles have again been weighted and similarly classified. It is known that the median weight in the first weighing was 20-83 gm. while in the second weighing it was 17-35 gm. Some frequencies a and b in the first weighing and x and y in the second are missing. It is known that a = x and b missing frequencies. 1 5 y. Find out the values of the Class Frequencies Class Frequencies 1st weighing 2nd weighing 1st weighing 2nd weighing 0-5 15-20 52 a 50 5-10 20-25 75 30 10-15 11 40 25-30 22 28

In sample 400 parts manufactured by a factory, the number of defective parts was found to be 30. The company, however, claimed that almost 5% of their product is defective. Is the claim tenable?

What sampling technique is used?   In a research class of 40 students, the teacher divides the class into five groups, each with eight members per group. The teacher then asked the class to choose their group members based on interests, compatibility, and rapport. After the selection was made, the teacher realized that the abilities per group were uneven. He then reshuffled some members of the group to achieve equilibrium among the groups. The teacher needs ten students to represent each group. He selected one male and one female from each group based on academic performance, leadership skills, and social skills as qualities that will embody as representatives per group.

7. Some years ago, a new brand of toothpaste was introduced in the United States. According to its advertisements, studies showed that it had "considerable success" in improving the health of a person's teeth. Suppose that these studies were designed in the following way. The manufacturer of this toothpaste chose three samples of seven people; the first sample agreed to use the new brand, the second sample used Brand A, and the third sample used Brand B. After six months, a dentist examined each person's teeth and scored the health of his or her teeth on a scale of 0 (lowest possible score) to 100 (highest possible score). The results were as follows: New Brand Brand A Brand B 65 58 54 71 60 38 53 63 43 55 90 61 34 95 94 82 89 96 77 62 82 The manufacturer of the new toothpaste says that the average score for the new brand is 2 points higher than for Brand A and 4 points higher than for Brand B. Would you agree with the manufacturer's advertisements? Explain.

In a study of proctored and nonproctored tests in an online Intermediate Algebra course, researchersobtained the data for test results given below.Group 1 (Proctored): n = 35,30.74=x, s = 12.87Group 2 (Nonproctored): n = 32.62.88=x, s = 22.09 Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that students taking non-proctored test get a higher meanthan those taking proctored tests.

A salesman for a new manufacturer of cellular phones claims not only that they cost the retailer less but also that the percentage of defective cellular phones found among his products, ( p1 ), will be no higher than the percentage of defectives found in a competitor's line, ( p2 ).  To test this statement, the retailer took a random sample of 130 of the salesman's cellular phones and 110 of the competitor's cellular phones.  The retailer found that 10 of the salesman's cellular phones and 5 of the competitor's cellular phones were defective.  Does the retailer have enough evidence to reject the salesman's claim?  Use a significance level of α=0.05 for the test. Step 5 of 6 :  Determine the decision rule for rejecting the null hypothesis H0 . Round the numerical portion of your answer to three decimal places.

A group of health professionals produced a cholesterol drug. To measure the effectiveness of this drug they implemented a program that offered free drugs to people to decrease their cholesterol level. Health professionals also collected a sample of people, who did not have the drug, to act as a control group. Health professionals then measured cholesterol level of all individuals in year 1, before any cholesterol drug were given out, and then measured the same group of individuals again in year 2 after the cholesterol drugs had been administered. Consider the following model to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug on people's cholesterol level: cholie = Bo + 8od2, + B1drugit + Vịt chol= cholestrol of individual i, in year t d2;= binary variable equal to 1 if the time period is year 2, and 0 otherwise drug= binary variable equal to 1 if individual i took the drug in year t, and 0 otherwise V= composite error consisting of the unobserved, time-constant effect (a;) and the idiosyncratic…

The manager of a men’s clothing catalog measured the market’s response to a $6 decrease in the usual price of his company’s oxford shirts by conducting a sales experiment.  An A-B split was used to divide the company’s 120,000-customer mailing list into two groups.  Customers in the control group were sent catalogs listing oxford shirts at their usual price of $40.  Customers in the test group were sent catalogs listing the price of oxford shirts at $32.80.  During the period of the test, customers in the control group purchased 700 oxford shirts, and customers in the test group purchased 889 oxford shirts. What is the independent variable in this sales experiment?  What is the dependent variable in this sales experiment? What is the percent change in price in this experiment?   What is price elasticity indicated by the results of this experiment.

It is found that 35 of 250 housewives in Delhan, 22 of 220 housewives in London and 39 of 300 housewives in Ukraine watch at least one talk show every day. At the 0.05 level of significance, test that there is no difference between the true proportions of housewives who watch talk shows in these cities?

24- Refer to the following output, what does it refer to?* Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test: F-statistic Prob. F(2.122) Obs R-squared 0.200071 0.415180 Prob. Chi-Square(2) 0.8189 0.8125 O a. This a heteroscedasticity test indicating that there is heteroscedastieity O b. This a heteroscedasticity test indicating that there is no heteroseedasticity O c. This an autocorrelation test indicating that thereis autocorrelation O d. This an autocorrel ation test indicating that there is no autocorrelation 25- Refertc the fallowing cutpue what does the coefficient andp-value of

Why can we not use first differences when we have independent cross sections in two years (as opposed to panel data)?

10. Student A in our class ECON 2210 tried to estimate the average marks of the midterm held in March, 2022. Based on a random sample of 30 students' marks and with a 95% confidence level, the student arrived at an interval estimate for the average marks of between 50 and 80. (a) After receiving this result, student B in the same class claimed that there was a 95% chance that the true average marks of the midterm were between 50 and 80. How would you respond to this statement? Is it correct? Why or why not? (b) Student C in the same class did not agree with student B and he claimed that there was a 95% chance that the true average marks of the next midterm were between 50 and 80. How would you respond to this statement? Is it correct? Why or why not?

Exercise 3.13 —*** Challenging Question ✶✶✶. Two women, Anna and Bess, claim to be the legal owners of a diamond ring that - each claims - has great sentimental value. Neither of them can produce evidence of ownership and nobody else is staking a claim on the ring. Judge Sabio wants the ring to go to the legal owner, but he does not know which of the two women is in fact the legal owner. He decides to proceed as follows. First he announces a fine of $F > 0 and then asks Anna and Bess to play the following game. Move 1: Anna moves first. Either she gives up her claim to the ring (in which case Bess gets the ring, the game ends and nobody pays the fine) or she asserts her claim, in which case the game proceeds to Move 2. Move 2: Bess either accepts Anna's claim (in which case Anna gets the ring, the game ends and nobody pays the fine) or challenges her claim. In the latter case, Bess must put in a bid, call it B, and Anna must pay the fine of $F to Sabio. The game goes on to Move 3. Move…

An economist collects data regarding the number of jobs an individual has held by age 21. Tim states he had 4 jobs, Sam had 3, Jill had 3, Sally had 2, and Watney had 10.An economist should use the to draw conclusions. A typical individual had jobs by the age 21.

With d-statistics 0.354 and du 1.715, What can you conclude about the Durbin Watson Test?

7. A television station wishes to study the relationship between viewership of its 11 p.m. news program and viewer age (18 years or less, 19 to 35, 36 to 54, 55 or older). A sample of 250 television viewers in each age group is randomly selected, and the number who watch the station’s 11 p.m. news is found for each sample. The results are given in the table below.

Textbook authors must be careful that the reading level of their book is appropriate for the target audience. Some methods of assessing reading level require estimating the average word length. We've randomly chosen 20 words from a randomly selected page in Intro Stats and counted the number of letters in each word: 5, 5, 2, 11, 3, 5, 6, 8, 5, 4, 7, 2, 9, 4, 8, 10, 4, 7, 6, 9 Suppose that our editor was hoping that the book would have a mean word length of 6.8 letters. Does this sample indicate that the authors failed to meet this goal? With a significance level of 0.05, test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion. (i.e state the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses, calculate the test statistic, conclude and interpret it).

A traditional performance rating benchmark (or guideline) for “normal” effort, or speed, is dealing 52 cardsinto four piles, forming a square with each pile one footapart, in 0.50 minute. Conduct an experiment with one ormore fellow students in which one deals the cards andthe others rate the dealer’s performance, and then compare these subjective ratings with the actual time of thedealer.