Lab-4 blackbody and Filters (1)
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Apr 3, 2024
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Lab - Blackbody Curves & UBV Filters
Background Material
Thoroughly review the “Spectra” and “Filters” background pages. The color index page may also
be helpful to review. Here the links:
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/blackbody/spectra.html
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/blackbody/filters.html
Filters Simulator Overview
The filters simulator allows one to observe light from various sources passing through multiple
filters and the resulting light that passes through to some detector. An “optical bench” shows the
source, slots for filters, and the detected light. The wavelengths of light involved range from 380
nm to 825 nm which more than encompass the range of wavelengths detected by the human eye.
The upper half of the simulator graphically displays the source-filter-detector process. A graph of
intensity versus wavelength for the source is shown in the leftmost graph. The middle graph
displays the combined filter transmittance – the percentage of light the filters allow to pass for
each wavelength. The rightmost graph displays a graph of intensity versus wavelength for the
light that actually gets through the filter and could travel on to some detector such as your eye or
a CCD. Color swatches at the far left and right demonstrate the effective color of the source and
detector profile respectively.
The lower portion of the simulator contains tools for controlling both the light source and the
filter transmittance.
∙
In the
source panel
perform the following actions to gain familiarity.
o
Create a
blackbody
source distribution – the spectrum produced by a light bulb
which is a continuous spectrum. Practice using the
temperature
and
peak height
controls to control the source spectrum.
o
Create a
bell-shaped
spectrum. This distribution is symmetric about a peak
wavelength. Practice using the peak
wavelength
,
spread
, and
peak height
controls to vary the source spectrum.
o
Practice creating
piecewise linear
sources. In this mode the user has complete
control over the shape of the spectrum as control points can be dragged to any
value of intensity.
▪
Additional control points are created whenever a piecewise segment is
clicked at that location.
▪
Control points may be deleted by holding down the Delete key and clicking
them.
▪
Control points can be dragged to any location as long as they don’t pass the
wavelength value of another control point.
∙
In the
filters panel
perform the following actions to gain familiarity.
NAAP – Blackbody Curves & UBV Filters 1/7
o
Review the shapes of the preset filters (the B, V, and R filters) in the
filters list
.
Clicking on them selects them and displays them in the graph in the
filters panel
.
o
Click the
add
button below the
filters list
.
▪
Rename the filter from the default (“filter 4”).
▪
Shape the piecewise linear function to something other than a flat line.
o
Click the
add
button below the
filters list
.
▪
Select
bell-shaped
from the
distribution type
pull down menu.
▪
Alter the features of the default and rename the filter.
o
If desired, click the
remove
button below the
filters list
. This removes the actively
selected filter (can’t remove the preset B, V, and R filters). Filters are not saved
anywhere. Refreshing the flash file deletes the filters.
Click (or copy/paste) here for simulator:
http://astro.unl.edu/naap/blackbody/animations/filters.html
Filters Simulator Questions
∙
Use the piecewise linear mode of the source panel to create a “flat white light” source at
maximum intensity. This source will have all wavelengths with equal intensity.
∙
Drag the V filter to a slot in the beam path (i.e. place them in the
filter rack
).
∙
Try the B and the R filter one at a time as well. Dragging a filter anywhere away from the
filter rack
will remove it from the beam path.
Question 1:
Sketch the graphs for the flat white light
and
V filter in the boxes below. What is the
effective color of the detected distribution?
Green
source distribution
combined filter transmittance
detected distribution
Question 2:
With the flat white light source, what is the relationship between the filter
transmittance and the detected distribution?
The plain white light doesn’t transmit when the
green light is added and the combined filter
transmittance graph and the detected distribution
graph are the same.
NAAP – Blackbody Curves & UBV Filters 2/7
∙
Add a new piecewise linear filter.
∙
Adjust the filter so that only large amounts of
green
light pass. This will require that
addition of points.
Question 3:
Use this green filter with the flat white light source and sketch the graphs below.
source distribution
combined filter transmittance
detected distribution
ACME Source FILTER RACK ACME Detector
Question 4:
Use the
blackbody
option in the
source panel
to create a blackbody spectrum that
mimics white light. What is the
temperature
of this blackbody you created?
6000k
∙
Add a new piecewise linear filter to the
filter list
.
∙
Modify the new filter to create a 40% “neutral density filter”. That is, create a filter which
allows
approximately
40%
of
the
light
to
pass
through
at
all
wavelengths
(
transmittance
)
∙
Set up the simulator so that light from the “blackbody white light” source passes through
this filter.
Question 5:
Sketch the graphs created above in the boxes below. (This situation crudely
approximates what sunglasses do on a bright summer day.)
source distribution
combined filter transmittance
detected distribution
Question 6:
Remove all filters in the filters rack. Place a B filter in the beam path with the flat
white light source (about 75% intensity). Then add a second B filter and then a third. Describe
and explain what happens when you add more than one of a specific filter.
By doing so, the
wavelengths get smaller and flatter and the color turns really dark.
NAAP – Blackbody Curves & UBV Filters 3/7
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