BS0504 Haematology and Transfusion Science
Practical Proforma
Semester 1 2014
Student Number: 13006788 Haematology Practical 1
Haemostasis: Coagulation Screening & Corrections Practical
Using the data generated in the practical session you will write a report below consisting of an:
Introduction - (10 marks) Introduce the utility of coagulation, the theory behind the tests and the clinical relevance of the tests.
Results- (10 marks) Present your data appropriately with normal ranges stated for all tests and the rational for attempting corrections.
Discussion/Conclusion- (25 Marks) Discuss the results that you have collated giving a possible clinical scenario for each patient AND HOW YOU ARRIVED AT THIS CONCLUSION (Including
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Significance - Meaning of high hba2
TF = 1.220
Absorbance of A2 elute = 0.137
5*1.220 = 6.1%
0.137/6.1 = 2.246 HbA2%
This result gives HbA2 of 2.246 suggesting the individual may not have the β-thalassemia trait hence normal or they could be β-thalassemia homozygous. The range for β-thalassemia homozygous is 2.8-3.5 and the range for normal individuals is 1.5-3.0. So this individual could be either as their, to find out if the patient has β-thalassemia or not, results from HbA2 must be taken in account with the patients history, total haemoglobin values and other lab tests.
2. What therapies are appropriate for a sufferer of Beta-Thalassaemia? (10 marks)
Individuals can be given regular blood transfusions, this has extended the life expectancy of individuals with Beta-Thalassaemia. Treatment maintains the patient’s haemoglobin at 9/10 g/dL and also treats the anaemia and suppresses endogenous erythropoiesis. However there are many problems associated with this treatment such as financial problems, also their quality of life changes, patients suffer from cardiac, endocrine and hepatic complications. http://search.proquest.com/docview/759558923?pq-origsite=summon
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) can be received, treatment is curable in some individuals that have thalassemia major. HSC has a high cure rate for both thalassemia patients that are class 1 and 2, but only works for those who are younger than 17 years of age, this treatment involves bone
A prognostic conclusion is reached according to which hypothesis has the strongest support from data gained which includes, salient clues, clinical inferences and enquiry probes, which lead to a diagnostic conclusion and treatment plan (Nurcombe & Fitzhenry-Coor, 1987). Salient clues are gained from
What impact does the illness have on the blood’s ability to clot? Include the role of vitamin K and the specific clotting proteins affected. Also discuss platelet production. Describe the test that is typically run to test the blood’s clotting ability.
6. What is the normal pH of blood? Why was Allen’s blood pH below normal? Pg. 970-971.
Doctors Craig Haney, Curtis Banks and headed by Doctor Phillip Zimbardo. This article provides in detail the initial purpose for this study, its participants, the nature of the study, the events that transpired during the experiment and of its results. With this article we are provided with a clear picture of the events that had transpired during the experiment and provides some insight into why the events may have occurred.
For each of the seven patients, I have come up with the diagnosis and explanations for what the next steps are for each patient. I used the module book for most of the explanations that help to explain what the next steps are and what further tests they require.
The multidisciplinary team meeting is an example of the process in action. Many clinicians are present. Most will be in a position to help formulate the most appropriate management for the patient. The doctor directly responsible presents the present situation and the relevant background. The assessment will include a discussion with the clinician to clarify the clinical findings and a joint review of the results of all relevant investigations. Recommendations will be agreed by all present. These will be documented in the patient's records for implementation.
Limiting certain substances in the diet can help prevent the buildup of potentially toxic substances that are normally broken down by the enzyme. In some cases, enzyme replacement therapy can help compensate for the enzyme shortage. These treatments are used to manage existing signs and symptoms and may help prevent future complications. For other genetic conditions, treatment and management strategies are designed to improve particular signs and symptoms associated with the disorder. These approaches vary by disorder and are specific to an individual's health needs. For example, a genetic disorder associated with a heart defect might be treated with surgery to repair the defect or with a heart transplant. Conditions that are characterized by defective blood cell formation, such as sickle cell disease can sometimes be treated with a bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow transplantation can allow the formation of normal blood cells and if done early in life, may help prevent episodes of pain and other future complications, according to the United States National Library of Medicine (NIH
Blood transfusions are another option. This can increase the number of red blood cells that cause anemia and makes the body weak and it can fight off other complications from the disease. Gene therapy is a newer treatment that inserts a normal gene into the bone marrow of a person with sickle cell anemia hoping for a result of normal hemoglobin but this process is still in an experimental stage.
Evaluate the given clinical scenario and use your knowledge of the diseases covered in Lectures.
Based upon the data I was presented I feel that the grade for this assignment should
Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease that changes the smallest and most important components of the body. A gene causes the bone marrow in the body to make sickled shapes, when this happens; it causes the red blood cell to die faster. This is what causes Hemolytic Anemia. Older children and adults with sickle cell disease may experience a few complications, or have a pattern of ongoing problems that shorten their lives. The most common and serious complications of sickle cell disease are anemia, pain, fatigue, and organ failure. Today there are many alternatives and opportunities that a sickle cell patient may consider. One outlined in this paper is the Hydroxyurea method.
People who have Alpa and Beta Thalessemia trait have mild anemia. Most people are asymptomatic except feeling of tiredness.
The aim of this experiment was to determine the concentration of haemoglobin in an unknown blood sample using the haemoglobincyanide method and to adapt this method to determine percentage haemoglobin F (foetal haemoglobin) in an unknown sample, and to understand the relevance of these tests in the calculation of Hb concentration.
Thalassemia is a disorder that affects the blood of those affected with the disease. Thalassemia is an inherited disorder. Those affected with thalassemia experience irregular hemoglobin formation. The symptoms of the disorder have varying indications, which depend on the specific type of thalassemia. A common trait of the disease is mild to severe anemia. Thalassemia is an inherited disease. The disease is observed under two main types α- and β- thalassemia. The cause of the hemoglobin disorder is hereditary. Both types of thalassemia are autosomal recessive diseases.