Indonesian Demographic Transition Essay

Three demographic indicators of development include, but are not limited to natural increase rate, education level, and infant mortality rate. Natural increase helps determine the level of development of a country because if there is a positive increase rate, it shows that people are living to a reasonable age and children are being born and surviving. Education level determines the future of the country’s economy because if people are more educated the country’s economy most likely will become better. Infant mortality rate helps to determine the level of development in a country because it gives a good representation of the state of the medical facilities in the country and the mother’s need to have multiple children.

Country will take the advantages from the demographic bonus if it can ensure all of the productive ages getting the suitable works. However the positive impacts for some developing contries which take a rarely good chance of demographic bonus by taking into account of plentiful natural resources that even have not been utilized yet. Developing countries nowadays has a conducive and encouraging situation such as the political stability and the economic strength that will constitute one of a few countries in the world that continues to obtain extensive boosts to their per capita incomes until 2030 and beyond as a consequence of to their changing age structures. Poverty may be compose as a consequence of a more favourable distribution of family

The demographic transition is a three-stage model of population growth in Europe. In the first stage there is a stable population because birth and death rates are both high. The second stage happens as mortality rates begin to slowly decline, but birth rates stay high. When this stage happens, there is fast population growth. During the third stage, the population is more stable as both birth and death rates are low and are more or less balanced. In more recent years, a fourth stage as been brought on by Anti-Malthusians. During this stage, population shrinkage occurs because the deaths begin to outnumber the births. Europe provides a great example to the theory of demographic transition. After speedy population growth of stage two, Europe settled at stage three with a stable population. It is currently in stage four with a shrinking population. In most European nations there are lesser births than deaths which could ultimately create other social problems.

Economic growth has much improved the infant mortality rate though better healthcare facilities and living conditions. Japan has fallen to one of the world’s lowest infant mortality levels at 3.6 per 1,000 live births in 2006 (Saigusa, 2006). Infant mortality is largely affected by the health of the mother, which makes pre-natal health imperative in keeping infant mortality rates low. Since Japan offers health care to all, access to prenatal care is easier to get therefore making mothers healthier and help in finding complications earlier in the pregnancy.

Chapter 16 also brings up the issue of population increase. With the demographic transition theory, we learn about the trends of each societies as they go through modernization. In the book as well as the article, we learn about IPAT. Formula

Australia and Indonesia have both experienced continuous growth in their economies over the past few decades have continued to expand over recent years. This response will discuss both the Australian and Indonesian economies and will outline the similarities and differences of economic growth and quality of life, employment and unemployment, distribution of income and the role of government in health care between the two countries. Australia’s economy has proven to be on of the most sustainable in the world and the quality of life is very high, however Indonesia has also developed quite substantially over recent years and now play a very important role in the global economy supplying many countries with valuable resources at low prices as they have extremely cheap labour. Australia and Indonesia have both experienced a reasonable increase in economic growth and quality of life over time and are

Official statistics indicate that 3.52 percent of Jakarta’s residents – over 312,500 people – fall below the poverty line. Living on the coast and along waterways, they are physically vulnerable to injury and property loss, and economically vulnerable as their livelihoods and employment are mostly based in these same areas.

The hwealth outcome show the difference in life expectancy, rate in increase or decrease in mortality, mortality, illness and disability. There is a social gradient in that runs from top to bottom of social economic-----, however, mortality statistics are different ways of calculating death rates, prinatal mortality rate is the number of stillbirth and death in the first 7 days after birth per 1000 birth. Mortality is another social econopmic factors of the number dealth caused by age, sex, and atrea of residence. The infant death under one year of age, the pernatal death after 28weeks of pregnancyand in the first 7 days health is different between individuals. The study between health and socioeconomic, referred to ethnic inequalities in

Maternal mortality/death is defined as the death of a pregnant woman by causes related to the pregnancy or its management, or death of a post-partum mother within 42 days after pregnancy termination (Requejo, Bryce, Victora, & Deixel, 2013; Ronsmans, Graham, & group, 2006; Say et al., 2014). There are proposals to change this definition to make it include one-year post-partum death of mothers, as the risk of death has been shown to remain high half a year post-partum (Ronsmans et al., 2006). Many maternal deaths that occur usually occur in low and middle income countries. In the year 2010, 287, 000 maternal deaths that were avoidable occurred, and most occurred in these developing countries. Reduction of maternal deaths has been one of the outcomes that have been targeted in the efforts to improve maternal health for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (Say et al., 2014). In developing countries, especially Sub Saharan Africa, where fertility levels remain high, maternal deaths have continued to be high despite the general deaths reduction (Requejo et al., 2013). Many argue that there is not enough information to confidently describe and quantify this problem, but Requejo et al., 2013 reported that the available information is sufficient.

“The Population bomb is ticking” (Khan, 2010). The main cause behind all the economic issues like inflation, illiteracy, poverty, terrorism etc. is overpopulation. In simple words, one can draw a conclusion that the main reason of overpopulation is when a country has shortage of resources to supply its growing number of population. The advancements in the medical field and the technology involved in it has led to a steep slope in the graph of death rate. In other words, one can jump to a conclusion that a decline in death rate has also led to the problem of overpopulation.

Indonesia’s population remains a patriarchal society due to cultural and religious influences. Indonesian men have the highest rate of infection. Indonesia has difficulty suppressing the rate of infection due to the domino affect that occurs once the head of the household is infected. Once the fathers become disabled, the mother set

There are many people that have argued that the real cause of poverty is population growth, directly means overpopulation, which has been the biggest issue in south Asia. This phenomenon’s has been becoming more repeatedly and so often over years, create a meaningful common wisdom. Apparently, it has been concluded by scholars and well-educated people from the argument of government official for the inability to reduce poverty.

In the past thirty years, globalization and market openness lead world to a better stage of wealth, however, it is inevitable that without government intervention this prosperity is concentrated in the hands of the small elite. The uneven of wealth distribution or the gap between the rich and the poor called economic inequality. This essay will argue that the government of Indonesia needs to introduce some policies to reduce economic inequality because economic inequality has no benefit at all, Indonesia is a democratic country which aims to improve public welfare, and Indonesia, with the rest of the world, wants to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The demographics of a country have a great influence upon economic development. Demographics refers to the structure of population and it is important since population size, structure, and trends directly affect the consumption and production of a country. Countries which are considered “developing” are those that are working to meet Todaro’s three objectives of development. The three objectives are to raise living levels, create conditions conducive to self-esteem growth, and increase the range of choice variables. Progress in each of the objevtives of growth are measured via means of measuring poverty, inequality, progress, sustenance, self-esteem, freedom, sustainability, and economic growth. (Sharmon-Tenney 2017)

Population size and growth has been a subject matter of research oriented people and economists from the time immemorial. It is so because the absorption of resources of a country and people living in the country are closely correlated according to the Malthus theory of Population. Therefore, an attempt has been endeavoured to find initially the demographic transition occurred in superpower China (that has gone a long way in transforming its huge population into demographic dividend) the cause and effect relationship of the same and then moving on to the study of Indian demographic transition and how this transition can help in reaping the demographic dividends. Eventually the empirical tests have been done in order to find out the impact of different variables on the growth of population and how the same can be controlled. To support our study and arrive at useful conclusions, a vital comparison has been done with China that is holding a large demographic profile similar to India. The comparison has facilitated us to take lessons from the former country so that policies could be designed, modified and cautiously applied in our own country enabling us to suitably propose the recommendations. Lastly a vision for India is hoped for, where population is stabilized, population age structure is optimal and economic growth of the