century in which Europeans embarked on extensive overseas expeditions. European nations, such as Portugal, Spain, England, and the Netherlands, participated heavily in global trade and set up many trade colonies and routes. Many people will say that the European’s only reason for exploration was to spread Christianity, obtain gold, and gain glory through their conquests and acquisition of lands. Some people might also say that the Ottomans heavily influenced the Europeans to participate in this period of exploration. Although the goals of “God, gold, and glory” are often associated with the Age of Exploration, the Ottoman Empire had a greater influence on the desire of European states to establish overseas empires and employ mercantilist economy …show more content…
In 1453, Ottoman forces conquered Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire and renamed it as Istanbul. Shortly after gaining control of Istanbul, the Ottomans imposed strict trade policies with foreign nations. The Ottoman Empire essentially took control of all trade routes leading to Asia from Europe, including the Silk Road, and cut the Europeans off from accessing these trade routes. The Europeans no longer were able to use any direct trade routes to Asian markets. Essentially, the flow of Asian luxury goods into Europe was halted as a result of the policies established by the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans, however, did allow the Europeans to obtain the highly sought after Asian luxury goods. They did so by forcing European merchants to pay unreasonably high prices and expensive taxes for the Asian goods. The Ottoman Empire acted as the middleman for trade products entering Europe. The Asian goods would have to first travel through the Indian Ocean Basin trade routes, then to the Indians, then to the Arabs, and finally, to the Ottomans before they could arrive in Europe. European nations, such as Portugal, did not want to pay these exorbitantly high prices and decided to cut out the middleman, the Ottomans. They sent out navigators such as Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, and Bartolomeu Dias to look for direct trade routes to …show more content…
The Europeans were greatly intimidated by the Ottoman's increasingly strong and powerful army. As a result, they wanted to cut off trade with the Ottomans in order to prevent them from becoming too wealthy and powerful. Many of the European nations feared that the Ottomans would be powerful enough to conquer more European nations, similar to how they brought down the Byzantine Empire by conquering Constantinople. The Europeans’ fears came from seeing the ease at which the Ottoman Empire was able to achieve military victories. They believed that the Ottoman armies would cause the political and social infrastructure of Europe to crumble along with Christendom. The Europeans’ concerns about the Ottoman’s armies can be seen in the document, “The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghislain de Busbeq.” Ogier Ghislain de Busbeq traveled to Istanbul in 1555 as a diplomat of Hungary and Bohemia. In the document, he comments on the state, society, customs, and military forces of the Ottoman Empire. He writes, “I tremble when I think of what the future must bring when I compare the Turkish system with our own. On their side are the resources of a mighty empire, strength unimpaired, experience and practice in fighting, a veterinary soldiery, habituation to victory, endurance of toil, unity, order, discipline, frugality, and watchfulness.” The Ottoman Empire, undoubtedly, made many nations fear
European exploration was a time period in European history when European countries explored and discovered new parts of the world. The desire to grow rich and spread Christianity alongside advances in sailing technology lead to European exploration. European countries wanted the same success in trading with Asia as Italy, so they sought a direct trade route to Asia to bypass the Italian merchants who sold their goods from Asia at unreasonable prices. The spread of Christianity also led to European exploration because they believed it was their sacred duty to convert non-Catholics, which led to discovering new people and converting them. Lastly, advances in sailing technology, such as the caravel, astrolabe, and compass, led to European exploration by allowing for longer voyages and greater distances being able to be crossed.The desire to grow rich, spread Christianity, and advances in sailing technology led to European exploration.
The greeks, between the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, fought for independence from the Ottoman impire. In 1821, when the Greeks revolted against Ottoman turk rule, the Concert of Europe was hardly invoked at all. The cries for freedom from that home of ancient democracy excited liberals throughout Europe, and early demonstration of the power of nationalist movements that would be repeated throughout the century. By 1827, British and French fleets intervened to support the Greek's outburst for freedom, with help from many of Europe's countries, greece finally gained independence in 1829. During their struggle for independence, there was a variety of views coming from people throughout Europe. Many European countries
While Constantinople was being sacked by the Ottomans in 1453, changing the most key trading hub in the world to the Islamic stronghold of Istanbul, Europe was suffering from the unjust role of monarchs. With exploration to the Americas and West Indies beginning in 1492. Europeans had various reasons for departing their homelands and going to settle in the new world, including religious, commercial, and developmental reasons.
During the period of 1450 to 1700, Europe flourished economically, leaving a growing population craving access to lush Asian goods. However, with the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Empire assumed control over the coveted trade routes, creating obstacles for European merchants who neither had goods to offer or shared a common religion with such folk. These hurdles, along with the religious zeal of Christian missionaries and curiosity of European mariners led Western Europe to look elsewhere, specifically the Atlantic, for new trade routes. Although the hypothetical “Northwest Passage” was never found, Atlantic trade, more commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, boomed. With its primary commerce in slaves, silver, and spices, this
An important time for the Ottomans was in 1453 when the Ottomans conquered Constantinople. This was a huge mark in time when the Ottoman expansion of power on land through military force. Even though the Ottoman Empire had a maritime fleet, they concentrated majority of their strength in their land armies, along with their cannons, which helped in the conquering of Constantinople. The Ottomans also attempted to conquer Vienna but had to retreat due to the weather, leaving behind many valuable items, including coffee beans.
Explain the impact and changes in Europe as a result of the invasions of the Ottoman Turks?
One of the most important events of the history was European expansion into the new world. Traditional Feudal societies collapsed under the weight of demographic and political changes during Eurasia experienced Mongol expansion and Black death. There was sociopolitical and religious conflict between states and reconsideration of traditional knowledge and institution. The social and intellectual revolutions in Europe can be considered provocative and subversive. Revolutions in the European society encouraged each other incrementally rather than remaining isolated and produced systematic and lasting changes in the European society.
The Byzantine army was a very large and successful army that brought the Byzantine Empire into the middle ages. The army flourished because of their new developments in warfare, and their organized battle tactics. The fall of the Byzantine Empire was due to the Ottoman Turks, who had been pushing borders constantly. The Byzantine Empire never had complete military peace throughout their entire 1000 years. This lead to several influential developments in their civilization. Through this paper, I will discuss various types of troops and formations that the Byzantine Army used for many years as well as the overall organization.
The ottoman empire originated in the late 12th century near the city of Constantinople by Turkish natives who began to build an empire after their leader, Osman. The Ottoman Empire was run by a small ruling class with the sultan in the highest position. Interestingly, the Ottomans allowed their subjects to live under the laws of their own separate religions. The Ottoman Empire put a strong focus on industrialization. They focused on developing many cities into commercial and industrial centers.
To achieve this, countries supported exploration to strengthen their trade routes and attempted to acquire as much land as possible. There was also competition between nations to be the strongest country in the world. European countries wanted a larger empire. Kings such as the King of Spain and the King of Portugal wanted to claim as much land as they could, which hey attempted by signing the Treaty of Tordesillas. The more land they had, the more power the held. Also, during the 1500s, England, France, and Holland assumed major roles in the new trade while Portugal and Spain were the first European nations to establish trading routes across the oceans. England, France, and Holland later became interested in the New World because they discovered that the Spanish found gold and silver which made them wealthy and powerful. England and other countries wanted access to the gold to make themselves wealthy as
In the course of approximately four hundred years, Western European colonists and prominent historical figures were particularly known for exploiting and devastating distant cultures and civilizations around the world. This included groups ranging from the Aboriginals and the Aztecs in the remote “New World”, to groups in East Asia such as the Chinese and the Mughals. However, historians today debate whether or not these prevailing and prospering Western European nations were as successful at influencing the cultures of nearer empires such as the Ottoman Empire. It is questionable as to whether or not the Ottoman Empire should be compared to other cultures devastated through their interactions with the West, largely due to the Ottomans’
The Europeans wanted to explore for many different reasons. I will be explaining what thesis reasons are and how they helped them. One of the biggest reasons was that they wanted to find a new route to Asia. What happened is that the Turkish cut Europe off by reclaiming Constantinople. The second reason was that they wanted to travel seeking to find gold, silver... Gold and silver were no longer found in European mines. So they had to find a different source and at the end they did. The third reason was to spread their religion. Monarchs who promoted the exploration believed that they had to spread the Christian Religion around the world. Some other reasons where:
There were many motives that pushed and pulled the Europeans beyond the confines of their continent. Other lands had crops that the Europeans desired. So, trade was a big motivator. Europeans also wanted to spread religion, mainly Christianity, as much as they could.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and strongest Turkish Muslim empires in the world, with its capitol Constantinople it led the trade in the eastern and western world. Constantinople had total control of the Silk Road due to location, being in the middle of the black and Mediterranean Sea gave Constantinople total control of the trade market. Leading for more than 600 years (Modern World History, chap. 5, sect. 2) the Ottoman Empire served as a unification between different and separated parts of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire rose to power mainly due to Mongols destroying their Islamic dynasty known as the Seljuk Turks, this in turn caused the Ottoman Turks to regain their strength and regroup. Military leaders also played an important role in the development of the empire.
Ottoman Turkey never developed extensive industry, though the lands it controlled had extensive natural resources. There were no universities or technical schools that could teach either the basic skills or the theoretical knowledge needed for an industrial revolution and a modern economy. Banks could not develop because of the Muslim prohibition on interest. Turkish guns and ships and railroads had to be purchased from France, Germany and Britain, who vied with each other for the lucrative trade. The Ottoman Empire did not produce much that could pay for these purchases and eventually went bankrupt, forcing its rulers to conclude disadvantageous terms with its European creditors.